Monomers And Polymers Part One

Question 1

What is a polymer?

Answer 1

A large molecule made up of repeating units called monomers.

Question 2

What is a monomer?

Answer 2

The simplest unit of a polymer, which can join together to form larger structures.

Question 3

What is a dimer?

Answer 3

A molecule formed from two monomers.

Question 4

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 4

A very large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules.

Question 5

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.

Question 6

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 6

The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit.

Question 7

What is a saccharide?

Answer 7

A term used to refer to sugar units, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Question 8

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 8

A carbohydrate formed from two monosaccharides.

Question 9

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 9

A carbohydrate formed from multiple monosaccharides.

Question 10

What are lipids?

Answer 10

A group of organic compounds that are hydrophobic and insoluble in water.

Question 11

What does hydrophobic mean?

Answer 11

Having an aversion to water; not soluble in water.

Question 12

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 12

A type of lipid formed from one glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 13

What is a fatty acid?

Answer 13

A carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which can be saturated or unsaturated.

Question 14

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 14

A lipid molecule that is a major component of cell membranes.

Question 15

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 15

A double layer of phospholipids that forms the structural basis of cell membranes.

Question 16

What is a saturated fat?

Answer 16

A type of fat that has no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 17

What is an unsaturated fat?

Answer 17

A type of fat that contains one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 18

What is a protein?

Answer 18

A macromolecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 19

What are peptide bonds?

Answer 19

Covalent bonds that link amino acids together in a protein.

Question 20

What is an amino acid?

Answer 20

The building blocks of proteins, there are 20 different amino acids.

Question 21

What is a dipeptide?

Answer 21

A molecule formed from two amino acids linked by a peptide bond.

Question 22

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 22

A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Question 23

What is a catalyst?

Answer 23

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Question 24

What is an enzyme?

Answer 24

A type of protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions.

Question 25

What is a substrate?

Answer 25

The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Question 26

What is an active site?

Answer 26

The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Question 27

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 27

Biomolecules essential for all known forms of life, including DNA and RNA.

Question 28

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 28

The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Question 29

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 29

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 30

What are the different nitrogenous bases?

Answer 30

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine (in DNA) and uracil (in RNA).

Question 31

What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 31

Both are nucleic acids; DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 32

What is an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Answer 32

A reaction that is accelerated by an enzyme, involving substrates and producing products.

Question 33

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Answer 33

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.