Month 2 Flashcards
(54 cards)
Transformational
Causes change in individuals and social systems
Transactional
Relies on rewards and punishments to gain optimal performance from subordinates
Smart power
Ability to understand context so that hard AND soft power can combine
Leadership Orientation Focuses
1) Pervasiveness and variability of political constraints
2) Divergent effects on foreign policy
3) Central role in political explanations of war proneness
Political constraints
Opposition to the regime
Divisions in state leadership
State power vis-a-vis societal actors (extraction of resources)
Forms of Dynamics
Mobilization
Insulation
Accommodation
Mobilization
Prevent defection and appeal to nationalism
Insulation
Contain opposition, reduce constraints on foreign policy choices
Accommodation
Avoidance of domestically controversial actions
Democratization
Less ability to control opposition so must accommodate
Institutionalization
Extent to which political norms are legitimatized
Hagan’s Political Orientations
Moderate/Acquiescent
Pragmatic
Militant
Radical
Moderate/Acquiescent
DO NOT VIEW IR as inherent threat
Recognize significant constraints
Cooperative and diplomatic
Pragmatic
Perceive IR as potentially dangerous
Relatively restrained, complex view of threats
Adversaries do not pose direct threat
Room for diplomacy
Militant
Zero-sum game
IR highly hostile, do not acknowledge diplomacy
Confrontational
Adversaries direct threat
Radical
Zero-sum game
Exaggerate threats to nation
Adversaries are evil
Utilize superior military power only
Diplomacy is laughable
Owen’s factors
Domestic regime type
Who is governing
Domestic cohesiveness
Foreigner’s reaction
Reasons for regime change
1) Change in state preference
2) Ability to gather and process information
Attributes of leaders
1) Beliefs and values
2) Knowledge, experience, interest
3) Perception and cognition
4) Emotion and reason
5) Leader’s management style
6) Risk tolerance
Factors that influence leader attributes
1) Domestic audience
2) Advisors
3) Regime type
4) Decision-making setting
5) Available information and choices
Big 5
Extroversion
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Openness
Active Positive
Hard work, flexible, outcome-oriented
Active Negative
Rigid, circumvent rules, feeling of inadequacy
Positive Passive
Need acceptance, dependent, ignore own excesses
