Mood and Mood Disorders Flashcards
(34 cards)
Mood
also known as affect
- longer duration than emotion; less intense and less directly related to external stimuli
Basic Emotion Theory
classifies emotions into a small number of basic categories
- more specific feelings ie; rage, contempt, indignant etc. are clustered within one of these categories
- basic emotions map on to specific facial expression and body language
Valence-Arousal Model
claims that emotion can be divided into two dimension: valence and arousal
Valence
aka affect; whether the emotion is positive or negative
Valence-Arousal Model Closest to Reality
very high or very low valence is associated with high arousal
- neutral valence is associated with low arousal
- V SHAPE
Why people experience emotion?
- linking the body to the world to create meaning
- regulating action
- communication
- social influence
Emotion and Cognition
evidence shows that emotion affects cognition
- regions of the brain responsible for emotion and cognition overlap and interact
- shared resources
- effects on motivation
Dual-Competition Theory
if emotion and cognition share neural resources, and if these resources are limited, then emotion and cognition will compete for the use of these resources
- depends on how arousing the emotion is and whether the emotion is task-relevant
- emotion can enhance or impair performance depending on how it interacts with cognitive control processes
Thought-Action Repertoire
people experiencing positive affect are more flexible, creative, and accepting in terms of their thinking and behaviour
- they can imagine more possibilities and consider more options
Shielding
the ability to shield a cognitive process or task from distraction
- positive emotions seems to weaken this
Shifting
the ability to respond to new information and switch processing/tasks
- positive emotions make this easier
Depression
lack of motivation, negative self-view, sense of hopelessness, extreme pessimism, sleep and appetite disturbances
Major Depressive Disorder
presence of major depressive episodes
- no pattern of mania or hypomania
Persistant Depressive Disorder
person experiences the symptoms of major or mild depression for at least 2 years
- significant distress or impairment
- no history of mania or hypomania
Depression: Psychodynamic
freud argued that depression represented a subjective loss of self, caused by an objective loss of something we had some to identify with
Existentialism
depression is due to a loss of meaning
Depression: Cog Behav
depression creates a feedback loop where the consequences of self-criticism, pessimism etc. enhance those processes
- a therapist here might introduce patients to constructive and rewarding activities that they wouldn’t seek out themselves
- idea is that making progress and achieving things is rewarding, which generates positive mood and undercuts negative thinking
Cognitive Therapy
depression is due to ‘negative thinking not negative feelings
- based on stoicism, CBT emphasizes that our feelings/experiences are not inherently good or bad, it’s what we do with them that matters
- our psychological condition is due to our beliefs/judgements about a situation, not the situation itself
- viewing events and beliefs as separate allows for emotional distance and prevents catastrophizing
Depression: Biological Model
- genetic factors
- neurochemical factors (serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate)
MAOI’s
used for depression treatment
- inhibit production of MAO enzymes which bred down certain neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine)
- causes them to break down slower
Tricyclics and Second Generation Antidepressants
inhibit re-uptake of select neurotransmitters
- increases availability in the synapses
Neurobiological Surgeries
neural stimulation ie; ECT or TMS
Ketamine for Depression
ketamine is an anaesthetic drug which appears to increase the availability of glutamate
Bipolar Disorder
depression + mania
