Mood & Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
(33 cards)
2 groups of mood disorders
- Depressive disorders
- Bipolar disorders
4 types of mood episodes
- Depressive episode
- Manic episode
- Mixed episode
- Hypomanic episode
Symptoms: Depressive episode
- depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday (must be present)
- loss of interest in almost all activities (must be present)
- reduced concentration
- low self-worth
- thoughts of death
- sleep disturbances
- appetite changes
- fatigue
- hopelessness
How to diagnose depressive episode?
- at least 1 of depressed mood or loss of interest should be present
+ - 4 other symptoms
all lasting for at least 2 weeks
symptoms must not be due to substances or medical conditions
Symptoms: Manic episode
- elevated mood (must be present)
- increased activity (must be present)
- rapid speech
- decreased need for sleep
- distractibility
- impulsive / reckless behaviour
- increase in sexual drive
- goal-directed activity
How to diagnose manic episode?
Both of elevated mood and increased activity most of the day, everyday for at least one week
- not due to substances or medical conditions
How to diagnose mixed episode?
First determine whether patient is experiencing depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode
Once primary mood identified,
look for concurrent opposite-polarity symptoms
Example: if currently in manic episode,
look for depressive symptoms
- at least 3 depressive symptoms
present, then MIXED it is!
How to diagnose hypomanic episode?
quite similar to Manic episode, EXCEPT:
Hypomanic: no disruption to functioning
no hallucinations
symptoms for several days
Manic: disrupts functioning
hallucinations ✅
symptoms present for a week
How to diagnose recurrent depressive disorder?
≥ 2 depressive episodes, separated by several months
How to diagnose Dysthymia?
Low mood over ≥ 2 years, without any depressive episodes
How to diagnose Bipolar Type 1 disorder?
At least 1 manic or mixed episode
How to diagnose Bipolar Type 2 disorder?
At least 1 hypomanic episode + At least 1 depressive episode
How to diagnose Cyclothymia?
Characterised by alternating periods of elation and depression
- symptoms not as severe as Bipolar disorders
Impact of mood & anxiety disorder on patient
- strain relationships with family & friends
- lost work performance
- social isolation
- increased health care costs
Impact of mood & anxiety disorder on society
Economic: Lost work productivity
Increased healthcare use
Social: Isolation
Stigmatisation
Suicide risk
Public health: Increased risk of
substance use
Define anxiety.
A feeling of stress, panic, or fear that can affect your everyday life both physically & psychologically
- can be triggered by various factors
e.g. work stress, relationship issues - can also be symptom of medical condition
e.g. generalised anxiety disorder GAD
General symptoms of anxiety disorder
Psychological
○ persistant worry or fear
○ feelings of dread, panic, or unease
○ hypervigilance
○ derealisation
○ irritability
Physical
○ shortness of breath
○ palpations
○ muscle tension
Behavioural
○ avoidance of feared situations
○ social withdrawal
5 Categories of Anxiety disorders
- Generalised anxiety disorder GAD
- Panic disorders
- Phobias
- Post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD
- Obsessive-Compulsive disorder OCD
How to diagnose Generalised Anxiety Disorder GAD?
- excessive anxiety & worry many many times for at least 6 months
- individual cannot manage worry
- anxiety and worry + at least 3 of the following:
○ restlessness
○ easy fatigue
○ difficulty concentrating
○ irritability
○ muscle tension
○ sleep disturbance - significant life impact
- not due to substance or medical condition
What is a panic attack?
- Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
- At least 1 of attacks followed by a month (or more) of one or both of:
- persistent worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences
- significant maladaptive change in behaviour related to the attacks
- not due to substance or medical condition
How to diagnose panic disorder?
- Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
- At least 1 of attacks followed by a month (or more) of one or both of:
- persistent worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences
- significant maladaptive change in behaviour related to the attacks
- not due to substance or medical condition
Phobias can be divided into 3:
- Agoraphobia
- Social phobia
- Specific phobia
What is Agoraphobia?
Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable
Situations feared in Agoraphobia
- using public transport
- being in open spaces
- being in enclosed spaces
- standing in line / being in crowd
- being outside of home alone
