Mood Disorders

Question 1

Depressive Disorders

Answer 1

disorders that have mood disturbances as the predominant feature

Question 2

Types of Depressive Disorders

Answer 2

Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymia, Double Depression, Seasonal Affective Disorder

Question 3

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 3

severely depressed mood and anhedonia with some combination of: sense of worthlessness, lethargy, appetite/wight change, sleep disturbance, energy loss, difficulty concentrating, guilt, frequent thoughts of death/suicide that go on two two or more weeks

Question 4

Dysthymia

Answer 4

also called persistent depressive disorder, but has the same symptoms but mild to moderate severity. Most of the day, mosts days, more often than not and normally ongoing for 2 years or longer

Question 5

Double Depression

Answer 5

same symptomology as dysthymia BUT with periods of major depression

Question 6

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Answer 6

when you get sad during a time with no vitamin D

Question 7

US Population Rates for Depressive Disorders

Answer 7

lifetime would be 18% and it is higher in females than males (22%>14%) and recurrence if untreated, however most will come out of it

Question 8

Etiology for Depressive Disorders

Answer 8

there are situational components like life stressors 6-9 months before, however what is unknown is the how, there are cognitive/behavioral components like negative cognitions and interpersonal interactions, and there is a biological component like genetic components, neurotransmitters like seretonin and epinephrin, neural structures like the left prefrontal cortex, and biological rhythms like Vitamin D

Question 9

Bipolar Disorders

Answer 9

alternating episodes of depression and mania

Question 10

Bipolar 1

Answer 10

severe depression: indistinguishable from major depressive disorder, while the mania is elevated/expansive/irritable mood, while psychotic features can occur like hallucinations and delusions which could be accidentally mistaken for schizophrenia. However, the brain still lights up in scans like it is real and the symptoms have to be ongoing for 1 or more weeks

Question 11

Hallucinations

Answer 11

false perceptions

Question 12

Delusions

Answer 12

false beliefs that are made up from reality

Question 13

Bipolar 2

Answer 13

severe depression: indistinguishable from major depressive disorder, and hypomania which is less severe than mania or hyper mania

Question 14

Cyclothymia

Answer 14

Hypomania: less severe than mania
Dysthymia: less severe than major depressive disorder

Question 15

US Adult Population Rate for Bipolar Disorders

Answer 15

lifetime it is 2.5% and their are no gender differences, however their is rapid recycling version which is when more than 4 episodes occur a year and women experience that more than men. The recovery is that 24% relapse within a year and 77% relapse within 4 years

Question 16

Etiology of Bipolar Disorders

Answer 16

highest rate of genetic heritability (being identical twins is higher), it could be polygenic which are more genes interacting so it is harder to find the gene or pleiotropic which is only one gene interacting, neurotransmitters like seretonin and dopamine also affect it, and stressful life experiences