Mood Disorders

Question 1

Most commonly diagnosed in mood disorders and most severe depression that lasts atleast 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms (feelings of worthlessness and indecisiveness) and distrubed physical functions (altered sleeping patterns, significant changes in appetite and weight, or a notable loss of energy), general loss of interest in things and inability to experience pleasure from life. Most central indication the physical symptoms, sometimes called “somatic” or “vegetative” symptoms along with behavioral and emotional shutdown.

Answer 1

Major Depressive Episode

Question 2

The duration of major depressive episode, if untreated, is approximately _.

Answer 2

4 to 9 months

Question 3

Loss of energy and inability to engage in pleasurable activities.

Answer 3

Anhedonia

Question 4

The second fundamental state in mood disorders. It is abnormally exaggerated elation, joy or euphoria. Individuals find pleasure in every activity. They become extraordinary active, require little sleep and may develop grandiose plans believing they can accomplish anything they desire.

Answer 4

Mania

Question 5

Manic episode require a duration of _.

Answer 5

1 week

Question 6

Hospitalization could occur in individuals with mania if they are engaging in a _.

Answer 6

self-destructive buying spree

Question 7

The duration of an untreated manic episode.

Answer 7

3-4 months

Question 8

A less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impaient in social or occupational functioning and need last only 4 days rather than full week.

Answer 8

Hypomanic Episode

Question 9

Individuals who experience either depression or mania. Their moods remain at one pole of the usual depression-mania continuum.

Answer 9

Unipolar Mood Disorder

Question 10

Someone who alternates between depression and mania. Traveling from one pole of the depression-elation continuum to the other end back again.

Answer 10

Bipolar mood disorder

Question 11

An individual experience manic symptoms but feel somewhat depressed or anxious at the same time or be dressed with a few symptoms of mania.

Answer 11

Mixed features

Question 12

What are the 2 factors that most importantly describe mood disorders?

Answer 12

Severity
Chronicity

Question 13

If 2 or more major depressive episodes occured and we’re separated by atleast 2 months during which the individual was not depressed, the major depressive disorder is noted as being _.

Answer 13

Recurrent

Question 14

A depression that is often a chronic condition that waxes and wanes over time but seldom disappears.

Answer 14

Unipolar depression

Question 15

The median lifetime number of major depressive episodes.

Answer 15

4-7

Question 16

The median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes.

Answer 16

4-5 months

Question 17

Depressed mood that continues atleast 2 years , during which the patient cannot be symptom free for more than 2 months even though they may not experience all of the symptoms of a major depressive episode.

Answer 17

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Question 18

Depressive disorder considered to be more severe since patients present higher rates of comorbidity with other mental disorders, less responsive to treatment and show a slower rate of improvement over time

Answer 18

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Question 19

A person with dysthymia who has not met criteria for a major depressive episode in atleast the preceding 2 years.

Answer 19

With pure dysthymic syndrome

Question 20

An specification of dysthymia indicating the presence of a major depressive episode over atleast a 2-year period.

Answer 20

With persistent major depressive episode

Question 21

A person with dysthymia who has double depression.

Answer 21

With intermittent major depressive episodes

Question 22

These individuals who suffer from both major depressive episodes and persistent depression with fewer symptoms.

Answer 22

Double Depression

Question 23

What are other psychotic features specifiers of depressive disorders?

Answer 23

Hallucinations
Delusions

Question 24

Hallucinations and delusions that seems directly related to depression.

Answer 24

Mood congruent

Question 25

This is one depressive disorder specifiers that include some of the more severe somatic symptoms such as early-morning awakenings, weight loss, loss of libido, excessive or inappropriate guilt and anhedonia. This only applies if the ful criteria for major depressive episode have been met and seem to signify a severe type of depressive episode.

Answer 25

Melancholic features specifiers

Question 26

The presence of this specifier in depressive and bipolar disorders indicates a more severe condition, makes suicidal thoughts and completed suicide more likely and predicts poorer outcome from treatment.

Answer 26

Anxiety distress specifier

Question 27

Predominantly depressive episodes that have several (atleast 3) symptoms of mania which applies to major depressive episodes both within major depressive disorder and persistent Depressive Disorder.

Answer 27

Mixed features specifiers

Question 28

This specifier could be applied to depressive or manic disprder, it involves an absence of movement or catalepsy, in which the muscles are waxy and semirigid, so patient’s arms or legs remain in any position in which they are placed. It may involve excessive but random or purposeless movement. It is also common in schizophrenia.

Answer 28

Catatonic features specifier

Question 29

This specifier applies to depressive episodes. It includes consistent oversleeping and overeating during depression and therefore gaining weight, leading to a higher incidence of diabetes. They also have considerable anxiety, react with interest or pleasure to some things, more severe symptoms, more suicide attempts and higher rate of comorbid disorders including alcohol abuse.

Answer 29

Atypical features specifier

Question 30

Atypical features specifier is associated with a greater percentage of what gender and onset?

Answer 30

Women
Earlier age of onset

Question 31

This specifier appears at the period of time just before and just after the birth and can be applied to both major depressive disorder and manic episodes. They have difficulty understanding why she is depressed because they assume this is a joyous time.

Answer 31

Peripartum onset specifier

Question 32

What is a peripartum period?

Answer 32

Pregnancy & 6 month period following childbirth

Question 33

More minor reactions in adjustment to childbirth. Typically last a few days and occur in 40% to 80% of women between 1 & 5 days after delivery. New mothers may be tearful and have some temporary mood swings but are normal responses to the stressess of childbirth and disappear quickly.

Answer 33

Baby blues

Question 34

A specifier that applies to recurrent major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It accompanies episodes that occur during certain season.

Answer 34

Seasonal pattern specifier

Question 35

What is the most usual seasonal pattern in a depressive episode?

Answer 35

Late fall to beginning of spring

Question 36

What is the most usual seasonal pattern for bipolar disorder?

Answer 36

Depressed- winter
Manic- summer

Question 37

These episodes must have occured for atleast 2 years with no evidence of non-seasonal major depressive episodes occuring during that period of time.

Answer 37

Seasonal affective disorder

Question 38

It is includes in the majority of seasonal mood disorders. People tend toward excessive sleep and increased appetite and weight gain, symptoms shared with atypical depressive episodes. Circadian rhythm, which is thought to have some relationship to mood, are delayed during this time.

Answer 38

Winter depression

Question 39

Patients are exposed to 2 hours of bright light immediately on awakening and are asked to avoid bright lights in the evening. If the light exposure is effective, the patients begin to notice a lifting of mood within 3-4 days and a remission of winter depression in 1-2 weeks. They experience headaches, eyestrains and just feel “wired”.

Answer 39

Phototherapy

Question 40

Natural grieving process has peaked within the first _ (duration).

Answer 40

6 months

Question 41

3 kinds of grief

Answer 41

Acute
Intergrated grief
Complicated grief

Question 42

Refers to grief that are acknowledged and the individual adjusts to the loss. It recalls significant events and is a very normal and positive reaction.

Answer 42

Intergrated grief

Question 43

Persistent intense symptoms of acute grief. The presence of thoughts, feelings or behaviors reflecting excessive or distracting concerns about the circumstances or consequences of the loss.

Answer 43

Complicated grief

Question 44

A disorder including a combination of physical symptoms, severe mood swings, anxiety are also associated with incapacitation during this period of time. 5 symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses and reduce until the week post menses.

Answer 44

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorders

Question 45

Children with chronic irritability, anger, aggression, hyperarousal, and frequent tantrums that are not limited to an occasional episode. Show no evidence of periods of elevated mood. Hight risk for additional depressive and anxiety disorder. Intense negative affect and marked inability to regulate mood. Temper outbursts on average occur 4 or more times per week and symptoms have been present for 12 or more months, without 3 or more consecutive months without all of the symptoms.

Answer 45

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Question 46

Diagnosis of disruptive mood Dysregulation Disorder should not be made for the first time before age _ or after _ years.

Answer 46

6
18

Question 47

Major depressive disorder episodes alternate with full manic episode. There must be a symptom-free period of atleast 2 months between them.

Answer 47

Bipolar I Disorder

Question 48

Major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes. During manic phases, patients often deny they have a problem.

Answer 48

Bipolar II Disorder

Question 49

A milder but more chronic version of bipolar disorder. It is a chronic alternation of mood elevation and depression that does not reach the severity of manic or major depressive episodes. Tend to be in one mood state or the other for years with relatively few periods of neutral or euthymic mood. This period must last for atleast 2 years and 1 year for children and adolescents. Alternate of mild depressive symptoms and sorts of hypomanic episodes.

Answer 49

Cyclothymic Disorder

Question 50

What are the features specifier for Bipolar Disorders?

Answer 50

Catatonic features specifier
Psychotic features specifier
Anxious features specifier
Mixed features
Seasonal pattern specifier
Peripartum onset specifier

Question 51

An individual with bipolar disorder who experiences atleast 4 manic or depressive episodes within a year. It appears to be a severe variety of bipolar disorder that does not respond well to standard treatments.

Answer 51

Rapid-Cycling Specifier