Mood Disorders

Question 1

The majority of depressions occurs….

Answer 1

Without episodes of mania

Question 2

Between 5 and 10 % of mood disorders Involve…..

Answer 2

both poles of mood

Question 3

Manic episodes without some history of depression are…..

Answer 3

Very uncommon

Question 4

The cycle between depressive episodes and manic episodes is swift with…..

Answer 4

only a brief return to normality in between

Question 5

People experiencing manic episodes behave in a way that …. to be the opposite of depressions

Answer 5

appears on the surface

Question 6

An individual …. have all four sets of symptoms to be diagnosed as depressed

Answer 6

need not

Question 7

…….. are the most salient Emotional symptoms in depression

Answer 7

Sadness and dejection

Question 8

Equally pervasive in depression is the loss of….

Answer 8

gratification or pleasure in life

Question 9

The depressed person gradually loses interest in…..

Answer 9

hobbies, recreation and family activities

Question 10

Most depressed patients report that they….

Answer 10

no longer derive gratification from what had been major interests in life

Question 11

The cognitive symptoms consist primarily of…..

Answer 11

negative thoughts

Question 12

Motivation is at….. in depression

Answer 12

Low ebb

Question 13

The depressed person tends to be ….. and has difficulty ……

Answer 13

Passive - initiating activities

Question 14

Depressed person’s thoughts are focused …. rather than …..

Answer 14

Inward - toward external events

Question 15

Depression can be a …… disorder

Answer 15

debilitating

Question 16

Severe depressions can also be …….

Answer 16

Long-lasting

Question 17

Most depressions can be Successfully treated with either …..

Answer 17

drugs or psychotherapy

Question 18

Manic behavior has a …. and often expresses ….. more than it does elation

Answer 18

driven quality - hostility

Question 19

People experiencing severe manic episodes behave somewhat like the popular concept of a ……

Answer 19

Raving maniac

Question 20

Usually a depressive episode ….. once a person experienced a manic episode

Answer 20

will occur eventually

Question 21

Bipolar disorders are relatively …..

Answer 21

uncommon

Question 22

Bipolar disorders appears to be …..

Answer 22

equally common in men and women

Question 23

Manic depression differs from other mood disorders in that it …..

Answer 23

tends to occur at an earlier age

Question 24

Manic depression is more likely to run in ….

Answer 24

families

Question 25

Manic depression responds to different ....

Answer 25

therapeutic medications

Question 26

....... play a more important role than ...... in bipolar disorders

Answer 26

Biological variables - psychological variables

Question 27

Depression is one of the most prevalent .....

Answer 27

emotional disorders

Question 28

Psychoanalytic theories interpert depression as .....

Answer 28

a reaction to loss

Question 29

The depressed person reacts to loss ....

Answer 29

Intensely

Question 30

The depressed person reacts to loss intensely because ....

Answer 30

The current situation brings back all the fears of an earlier loss that occurred in childhood

Question 31

The individual's needs for ...... were not satisfied in childhood

Answer 31

affection and care

Question 32

The depressed person’s behavior represents .....

Answer 32

a cry for love, a display of helplessness, and an appeal for affection and security.

Question 33

Reaction to loss is complicated by ....

Answer 33

angry feelings toward the deserting person

Question 34

The people who are prone to depression have ....

Answer 34

learned to repress their hostile feelings

Question 35

The people who are prone to depression have learned to repress their hostile feelings because ....

Answer 35

they are afraid of alienating those on whom they depend for support

Question 36

When things go wrong depressed peoples are ....

Answer 36

turn their anger inward and blame themselves

Question 37

The depressed person’s low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness stem from .....

Answer 37

a childlike need for parental approval

Question 38

The self-esteem of a person prone to depression depends primarily on .....

Answer 38

external sources

Question 39

Psychoanalytic theories of depression focus on ....., ..... and .....

Answer 39

loss - over dependence on external approval - internalization of anger

Question 40

Learning theorists assume that ..... Plays a major role in depression

Answer 40

lack of reinforcement

Question 41

People prone to depression may lack .....

Answer 41

the social skills either to attract positive reinforcement or to cope effectively with aversive events

Question 42

The main source of reinforcement is ....

Answer 42

the sympathy and attention they receive from relatives and friends

Question 43

Cognitive theories of depression focus ....

Answer 43

not on what people do but on how they view themselves and the world

Question 44

One of the most influential cognitive theories developed by ...

Answer 44

Aaron beck

Question 45

When things go wrong they tend to .... rather than the circumstances

Answer 45

blame themselves

Question 46

People's appraisals of situation can determine .....

Answer 46

their emotions

Question 47

Negative thoughts of depressed individuals tended to ...., as though by....

Answer 47

arise quickly and automatically - reflex

Question 48

Beck grouped the negative thoughts of depressed individuals into .....

Answer 48

three categories

Question 49

...... consist of the depressed person's belief that he is worthless and inadequate

Answer 49

A negativity self-schema

Question 50

The depressed person’s negative view of the future is .....

Answer 50

one of hopelessness

Question 51

Beck proposes that the depressed person's negative self-schema is formed during ...

Answer 51

Childhood or adolescence

Question 52

Beck proposes that the depressed person's negative self-schema is formed through such experiences as .....

Answer 52

loss of a parent, social rejection by peers, criticism br parents or teachers, or a series of tragedies

Question 53

According to Beck, depressed individuals make some ..... that lead them to .... in a way that contributes to their negative self-schema

Answer 53

distortions - misperceive reality

Question 54

Another cognitive approach to depression which focuses on ....

Answer 54

the kinds of attributions, or causal explanations that people make when bad things happen

Question 55

A pessimistic attributional style is important only ....

Answer 55

when a person encounters intense or frequent negative events in rife