Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych > Mood disorders 2 > Flashcards

Mood disorders 2 Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the symptoms of hypomania?

A
  • Mildly elevated/unstable mood
  • Increased energy
  • Mild overspending, risk-taking
  • Increased sociability, overfamiliarity
  • Distractibility
  • Increased sexual energy
  • Decreased need for sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of mania?

A
  • Elevated, expansive, irritable mood
  • Increased activity
  • Reckless behaviour
  • Disinhibition
  • Marked distractibility
  • Markedly increased sexual energy
  • Sleep severely impaired/absent
  • Grandiosity
  • Flight of ideas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many days do symptoms last in hypomania?

A

4+ days of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does hypomania effect function?

A

won’t usually severely disrupt function

many precede more severe mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long do symptoms of mania last?

A

7 days or severe enough for admission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What psychotic symptoms are experienced?

A
  • Usually mood-congruent i.e. delusions of grandiosity or persecution
  • Hallucinations may be 2nd person auditory

may be difficult to differentiate mania with psychosis from schizophrenia especially if seen at the height of mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the organic differentials for mania?

A 
Substance misuse i.e. steroids (may be a precipitating factor)
Hyperthyroidism – if very severe
SOL especially frontal lobe
Metabolic disorders 
Epilepsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long does the average mania episode last?

A

6/12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How likely is relapse?

A

At least 90% will have a further episode – average = 10 episodes in 25 years
20-30x risk of suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define bipolar

A

> 2 episodes of disturbance of mood and activity levels, sometimes mania/hypomania and sometimes depression

complete recovery between episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Incidence of bipolar

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is acute mania managed? BIO

A
  • Stop any antidepressants
  • Offer antipsychotic: haloperidol, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine
  • Consider lithium or valproate
  • Consider benzos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is acute mania managed? PSYCHO

A

Psychoeducation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is acute mania managed? SOCIAL

A
  • Consider MHA or inpatient admission
  • Calming, low-stimulus environment
  • Advise to maintain relationships with carers
  • Advise to avoid making serious decisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is bipolar depression? BIO

A
  • Consider mood stabiliser, optimise current doses
  • Can use antidepressant (SSRI) with anti-manic agent
  • Consider atypical AP i.e. quetiapine, olanzapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is bipolar depression? SOCIAL

A
  • Consider inpatient admission
  • Support carers
  • Work on social inclusion
  • Support for education, training, employment etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is relapse prevented? BIO

A
  • Offer lithium (if female and ?child-bearing age consider AP instead)
  • Avoid antidepressants, especially “unopposed”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is relapse prevented? PSYCHO

A
  • Psychoeducation
  • CBT
  • Family therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is relapse prevented? SOCIAL

A
  • CPN and OPD F/Ups
  • Work on social inclusion
  • Support for education, employment etc.
  • Support for housing and benefits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When are mood stabilisers used?

A
  • Bipolar prophylaxis
  • Acute mania or hypomania
  • treatment of bipolar depression
  • augmentation of antidepressants in treatment-resistant depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is lithium used?

Study These Flashcards
A

significantly reduces the risk of suicide

22
Q

What is a potential problem with lithium?

Study These Flashcards
A

Narrow TW for avoiding toxicity

23
Q

What are the SEs of lithium?

Study These Flashcards
A 
GI upset 
fine tremor 
polyuria/polydipsia
weight gain 
oedema
24
Q

What are the toxic S&S of lithium?

Study These Flashcards
A 
coarse tremor
ataxia
dysarthria
nystagmus
confusion 
nephrotoxic and thyrotoxic
avoid in pregnancy - teratogenic
25
How are patients monitored when they are on lithium
lithium levels monitored ever 3/12 | U&Es, TFTs every 6/12
26
Name 3 SSRIs
``` Fluoxetine Paroxetine Citalopram Sertraline Fluvoxamine Escitalopram ```
27
What are the common SEs associated with SSRIs
``` Nausea Anxiety Insomnia, fatigue Akathisia Sexual dysfunction Withdrawal syndrome ``` NB paroxetine = teratogen
28
Name 2 SNRIs
Venlafaxine | Duloxetine
29
What are the common SEs associated with SNRIs
Same as SSRIs | Slightly more sedative
30
Name 3 TCAs
``` Amitriptyline Imipramine Clomipramine Dosulepin Lofepramine ```
31
What are the SEs of TCAs
``` Toxic in overdose, avoid if high risk of suicide Constipation Blurred vision Dry mouth Sedation Weight gain Hypotension ```
32
Name some MAOIs (rarely used)
Phenelzine Tranylcypromine Isocarboxazid Moclobemide
33
What are the SEs of MAOIs?
Hypertensive “cheese” reaction Nausea Diarrhoea Headache
34
Name a NaSSA
Mirtazapine
35
Why are NaSSAs particularly useful
Very effective for anxiety and augmentation of other meds
36
What are some SEs of NaSSAs
Weight gain | Sedation
37
In which people is self harm most common?
M:F = 1:2 Divorced > single > widowed > married 2/3 are <35 years old
38
What are the most common ways to self harm?
Overdose and cutting are most common
39
What BIO factors influence self harm?
genetics substance misuse younger age
40
What are the PSYCHO factors that influence self harm?
``` sexual, physical, emotional abuse bereavement relationship breakdown difficult feelings endings, change ```
41
What are the SOCIAL factors that influence self harm?
``` Friends that self harm Housing or money worries Endings, change School or work pressures Isolation, loneliness ```
42
Spiritual factors that can lead to self harm?
Crisis of faith
43
How should you manage a patient who has self harmed
``` Assess physical health Mental state Safeguarding concerns Risk of repetition and suicide Social circumstances ``` --> Comprehensive psychosocial assessment
44
What are the main risk factors for repeated self harm?
* No. of previous episodes * PD * Hx violence * Alcohol misuse or dependence * Unmarried
45
What are the main RFs for suicidal intent?
* Precautions to avoid intervention * Planning * Leaving a note, making a will, settling debts * Violent methods * Perceived lethality of act
46
What is the most common way to commit suicide?
45% of suicide is hanging or strangulation 23% overdose
47
Is suicide more common in M or F?
M:F 3:1
48
What are the indication for ECT?
Treatment resistant depression Life threatening, severe depression Treatment resistant mania Catatonia
49
In what pts is ECT contraindicated?
In patients with cochlear implants
50
What are the relative C/Is for ECT?
* Increased ICP * Intracranial or aortic aneurysms * Hx cerebral haemorrhages * Recent MI * Uncontrolled arrhythmias * Acute respiratory infections * DVT
51
What is the start dose and max dose of ECT?
Start dose 50mC | Max dose 250mC
52
How many treatments will patients usually have?
8-12 treatments

Psych (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions