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mood disorders Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

what %of mood disorders start before 30

A

50%

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2
Q

what % of mental disorders start before 14

A

50%

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3
Q

how long do depressive episodes have to occur for before meeting depression criteria

A

2 weeks

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4
Q

what are the 3 core features of depression

A
  1. Depressed mood -
  2. loss of interest or pleasure - anhedonia
  3. decreased energy -anergia
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5
Q

how many core symptoms must be present ?

A

2 core and 4 additional

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6
Q

what are examples of additional depressive symptoms

A

loss of confidence, guilt, suicidal, concentration trouble, agitation, sleep disturbance, appetite changes

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7
Q

how many core and additional features must be present to class as moderate depression

A

2 core and 4 others

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8
Q

how many core and additional features must be present to class as severe depressive episodes

A

3 core and 5 others

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9
Q

what is psychotic depression

A

sub type of depression , occassionally paranoid adn typically mood- congruent eg people put to get me , ive got cancer

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10
Q

what syndrome is an example of psychotic depression

A

cottards syndrome

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11
Q

what type of bipolar is more common 1 or 2

A

Bipolar 2

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12
Q

what is bipolar 1

A

met criteria for mania and depression

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13
Q

what is bipolar 2

A

hypomanis and depression

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14
Q

what is bipolar 3

A

hypomanic episodes occur following use of anti-depressants following depression

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15
Q

how long must mood elevation be sustained to class as hypomania

A

4 days

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16
Q

how long must elevated mood be sustained in order to class as mania

A

1 week

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17
Q

when does bipolar affective disorder usually present

A

late teens-early 20s

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18
Q

whats commoner depression or mania in BPAD

A

depression

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19
Q

what mental illness has the highest lifetime suicide risk

A

BPAD 4-8%

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20
Q

in terms of hydro and lipo philic/phobic what kinds cross the BBB

A

hydrophobic and liophilic

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21
Q

what are monoamine neurotransmitters

A

serotonin, noradrenaline dopamine

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22
Q

are monoamines increased or decreased in depression

A

decreased

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23
Q

what are serotonin and noradrenaline oxidised by

Study These Flashcards
A

monoamine oxidase

24
Q

what nuclei do serotonergic pathways extend from

25
what part of the midbrain is the orgin of most noradrenaline pathways in the brain
locus coerulus
26
give example of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Phenelzine- irreversible | Moclobemide - reversible
27
what are side effects of MAO's
cheese reaction - ingestion of foods with high tyramine. tyramine oxidised by monoamine oxidase so MAO's can lead to hypertensive crisis as tyramine raises BP insomnia postural hypo peripheral oedema
28
TCA drug class?
monoamine reuptake inhibitors | 5-HT and noradrenaline receptors
29
examples of TCAS
imipramine, dosulepin, amitriptyline, lofepramine
30
side effects of TCA
Anti- cholinergic - blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention weight gain sedation CV- postural hypo, tachy, arrhythmias
31
examples of SSRI's
fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram , sertraline , paroxetine
32
side effects of SSRI's
nausea, headache, worsening anxiety, transient increase in self harm( if under 25), sweating, vivid dreams, sexual dysfunction, hyponatreamia in elderly
33
examples of SNRI's
duloxetine, venlafaxine
34
examples of atypical anti-depressants
mirtazapine
35
side effects of mirtazepine
weight gain and sedation
36
in cases of SSRI side effects what should be added on to block side effects
Mirtazapine
37
first line treatment in bipolar
lithium- given as lithium carbonate
38
how long after giving first dose of lithium must bloods be taken
12 hours
39
target range for lithium
0.4-1 mol/l
40
side effects of lithium
``` strange taste/dry mouth polydipsia/polyuria tremor hypothyroid nephrotoxic weight gain ```
41
symptoms of lithium toxicity
D&V ataxia/tremour, drowsiness, convulsions, coma
42
why would dehydration cause lithium toxicity
lithium and sodium indistinguishable to kidneys therefore sodium reabsorption in dehydration causes lithium reabsorption
43
what anti-convulsants can be used as mood stabilisers
sodium valproate, lamotrigene and carbamazepine
44
side effects of lamotrigene
stevens johnson syndrome
45
side effects of valproate and carbamzepine
drowsy ataxia CV effects , induces liver enzymes ana Na Valproate is tetrogenic
46
2nd line in BPAD
anti convulsant or anti psychotic
47
anti-psychotic drug class
dopamine and serotonin antag
48
side effects of anti psychotics
wgt gain , sedation , metabolic syndrome
49
examples of anti psychotics
quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazol, rispiridone and lurasidone
50
how long after starting an anti-depressant should you review someone
1-2 weeks
51
if someones had one depressive episode how long should they be on anti-depressants for
min 6 months without reducing dose
52
if someones had 2 or more depressive episodes how long should they be on anti-depressants before reducing dose
1-2 years
53
first line treatment in acute mania of bpad
anti psychotic
54
first line treatment of acute depression in bpad
anti psychotic
55
What should be monitored in a patient on lithium and how often
Li, U &E, ECG, TFTS, Ca (renal and cardio toxic ) | monitored frequently to begin with and then 3-6 months later on
56
if someone treated with ECT how often is it delivered and for how may times
delivered 2x weekly and 6-12 treatments

psychiatry (11 decks)

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