Moral and Ethical Issues

Question 1

What are ethics?

Answer 1

Our values as a community and how they will impact different groups in society

Question 2

What are morals?

Answer 2

Our personal code of conduct and how we choose to behave including decisions we make at the expense of others

Question 3

What are the advantages of computers in the workforce?

Answer 3

Improve efficiency

In amazon delivery they reduce delivery time and speed manufacturing processes

Reduce strain on workers and needing to work in a repetitive environment

Question 4

What are the disadvantages of computers in the workforce?

Answer 4

People loosing their jobs

Structural unemployment

High dependence n them so if something fails it all reduces input

Question 5

Why would people loosing their jobs to computers in the workforce not be as bad?

Answer 5

It will open up jobs in other sections of business

Question 6

What must the government do to reduce the bad effects of people loosing jobs to computers in workforce

Answer 6

Introduce retraining programs in other sections of the business

Question 7

Whats an advantage of services being offered exclusively online?
(e.g online shopping and banking)

Answer 7

Reduces costs of renting physical location

Cuts labour costs

More delivery driver jobs

Question 8

What is automated decision making?

Answer 8

Determining what users should be displayed based on social media feeds, interactions and connections

Question 9

What are some fears about automated decision making?

Answer 9

Slowly reinforces a bubble around their interests which are never challenged, leading to a close-minded society

Question 10

Why is algorithmic decision making bad in application processes?

Answer 10

Can result in people being treated unfairly because it doesn’t take into consideration contextual and extenuating factors

Question 11

What are some advantages about automated decision making in application processes?

Answer 11

Improved productivity

More convenient

Works faster

Question 12

How has automated decision making helped in stock trading?

Answer 12

Can look at past trends to model future changes

Question 13

Why must automated decision making be thoroughly tested?

Answer 13

To produce high quality software that is free of bias

Question 14

Why is automated decision making in driver less cars raised ethical questions?

Answer 14

Raises questions on who should be harmed in a car crash the driver or the pedestrian?

And who is responsible for the accident the car or the maker?

Question 15

What is artificial intelligence?

Answer 15

The ability of a computer to replicate human intelligence, cognitive ability and grasp abstract concepts

Question 16

How is AI used in healthcare?

Answer 16

Draw connections between illnesses to form diagnosis’s with knowledge based systems, which consists of rules and facts to build an inference engine

Question 17

How do AI neural networks work?

Answer 17

They learn from a set of data they are given and apply it to new data sets
This is used in fraud detection

Question 18

Why may people have a problem with Ai in voice recognition systems such as alexa or siri?

Answer 18

Raise questions about privacy since they have to be on all the time to function

Question 19

How is AI in voice recognition systems such as alexa or siri good?

Answer 19

More convenient

Question 20

What is the environmental effect on electronic devices being produced cheaply and widely?

Answer 20

Some components built out of mercury and radioactive isotopes which are toxic and can infect water supplies

E-waste shipped to third world countries with a lower environmental standards which is unacceptable and immoral

Question 21

What’s the effect on the environment with more devices needing to be powered?

Answer 21

More electricity is used, which uses up our store of non-renewable fossil fuels, which emit greenhouse gasses contributing to global warming.

This impacts future generations and biodiversity

Question 22

What changes have been made to reduce the effect of devices on the environment?

Answer 22

More pish for renewable energy which counteracts increase in energy usage

More environmentally friendly technology(e.g. laptops going onto standby mode, motion lights that switch on when somebody is in the room)

Question 23

What is censorship?

Answer 23

Supressing the content that people are able to view, access, and publish

Question 24

Why do some countries use censhorship?

Answer 24

Block out other political opinions

Question 25

In the UK what does the ISP block?

Answer 25

Content associated with extreme and terrorist beliefs

Question 26

Why do people dislike or fear censorship?

Answer 26

It blocks out alternate political beliefs to push a certain ideology, which is unacceptable

Question 27

What is the free internet?

Answer 27

An internet where nothing is filtered at all

Question 28

Why do some people agree with censorship to an extent?

Answer 28

For national security purposes To filter extremist propaganda and offensive comments

Question 29

How is censorship used in schools?

Answer 29

Students prevented from accessing material deemed to be unsuitable Removes distractions

Question 30

Why may companies monitor a workers computer?

Answer 30

To see productivity by tracking websites workers accessed and how long they spent on them

Question 31

Why are surveillance systems used to monitor behaviour?

Answer 31

Security purposes Detect crime Detect speeding

Question 32

Why might people have a problem with ankle monitors?

Answer 32

Unethical and contradicts basic human rights

Question 33

Why are some people okay with ankle monitors?

Answer 33

Its a necessary measure to prevent people from committing a crime

Question 34

What is data mining?

Answer 34

Taking large amounts of data from different sources to make an inference on a persons likes and dislikes To inform personalised political propaganda or advertising

Question 35

Why might people dislike data mining?

Answer 35

Insights from personal information could reveal something that acts against individuals (e.g. company data mining to find an individual is prone to a disease and charging them more for insurance)

Question 36

What is piracy?

Answer 36

Unauthorised copying of content such as music or movies Form of theft

Question 37

What is the Malicious Communication Act (1998)?

Answer 37

Makes it a criminal offence to send indecent or offensive messages to anybody online Can be traced by law enforcement and result in a criminal record

Question 38

What is the Equality Act (2010)?

Answer 38

Illegal to discriminate against denying a certain group of people service?

Question 39

Why is the equality act important in website design?

Answer 39

They need to consider who will visit the website and accommodate for all people via the equality act

Question 40

How must websites be designed to be accessible?

Answer 40

Make it easy for users to navigate pages (e.g. make multiple languages ands accommodate the layout of the pages to how natives would read the language) Take into consideration visually impaired people (enlarging text or allowing contract of page to change) Transcripts for people with hearing impairments

Question 41

Why do designers need to take into consideration the colour of the pages when making a website?

Answer 41

Colours are interpreted differently all around the world Some may be unlucky and have bad connotations (e.g. white is mourning in the middle east but purity in the west) (green is universally a good colour)

Question 42

Why is unicode used over ascii in website design?

Answer 42

It can accommodate more character sets in Chinese making it more accessible for more people