Moral: Utilitarianism 7. rule_utilitarianism Flashcards
(24 cards)
What determines whether actions are morally right or wrong in act utilitarianism?
Actions are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences
Act utilitarianism focuses solely on the outcomes of actions.
In act utilitarianism, what is considered the only good?
Happiness
Happiness is the sole measure of goodness in act utilitarianism.
What is the principle that states no one’s happiness counts more than anyone else’s in act utilitarianism?
No one’s happiness counts more than anyone else’s.
What is the main criticism of act utilitarianism relating to decision-making?
Problems with calculation
The decision-making approach is seen as too complicated.
What is a criticism of act utilitarianism concerning impartiality?
It is deemed too idealistic
Treating everyone equally without bias is very demanding.
What moral aspect does act utilitarianism overlook according to its critics?
The moral value of partiality
Close relationships that give life meaning are often overlooked.
What does act utilitarianism say about pursuing happiness?
It places no restrictions on how we may pursue happiness.
What is the main idea behind rule utilitarianism?
An action is right when it complies with rules that lead to the greatest happiness when followed by everyone.
In rule utilitarianism, what matters more than the consequences of an individual act?
The consequences of everyone following the rules that govern the actions.
What is one of the major objections to rule utilitarianism as suggested by Smart?
Rule worship
Treating rules as sacred or unbreakable when they don’t deserve such status.
What does Smart argue about moral rules in relation to happiness?
Sometimes moral rules do not maximise happiness.
What might a rule utilitarian suggest to address Smart’s objection?
Amending rules to include exceptions.
What is Smart’s counterargument to amending rules in rule utilitarianism?
It will end up with only one rule: the principle of utility.
What are two strategies to defend rule utilitarianism?
- Provide a reason to follow the rules even when they don’t maximise happiness
- Rule utilitarianism avoids objections to act utilitarianism
What advantage does rule utilitarianism have regarding calculation?
Solves problems with calculation
We don’t have to work out the consequences of each act.
How does rule utilitarianism address fairness, liberty, and rights?
Some types of unjust acts are ruled out.
What advantage does rule utilitarianism offer regarding impartiality?
A rule that allows partiality to family and friends will create more happiness.
How does rule utilitarianism relate to moral integrity?
It may support a rule that allows integrity even when it conflicts with an act that maximises happiness.
What is a criticism of rule utilitarianism regarding partiality?
It fails to understand what is important about partiality.
What issue does rule utilitarianism face concerning integrity?
A rule protecting integrity could be very problematic.
What question arises about the nature of happiness in utilitarianism?
Is happiness the only good?
What is a challenge that only rule utilitarians face?
Morality can’t be summed up by rules.
What rule might a rule utilitarian suggest when no other rules apply?
Do that action that maximises happiness.
What is the main question regarding the comparison between rule and act utilitarianism?
Is rule utilitarianism an improvement on act utilitarianism?
