Morality and Ethics

Question 1

Conflict of Interest

Answer 1

A situation in which an individuals personal interests appear to influence the exercise f his official responsibilities

Question 2

Bioethics

Answer 2

Theoretical foundation of rights and obligations in healthcare relationships between provider and patient, and the moral issues arising

Question 3

Advance directives

Answer 3

Written statements made while the patient is competent for use at a time when they are no longer competent

Question 4

Morality

Answer 4

System meant to generate co-operative behavior and regulate interpersonal social relations through practical action guidance and conflict resolution

Question 5

Ethics

Answer 5

Systematic study of morality; concepts and justification involved in reasoning

Question 6

Metaethics

Answer 6

Study of morality as a concept

Question 7

Normative ethics

Answer 7

Statements and principles that tell people how to behave morally

Question 8

Applied ethics

Answer 8

Study of morality in practical contexts

Question 9

Practical Action guidance

Answer 9

Knowing what is expected of our own behaviours

Question 10

Selfish Egoist

Answer 10

Exclusively self interested person who promotes primarily short term interests

Question 11

Negative Rights

Answer 11

Rights to non- interference, where others refrsin from doing something to interfere with you

Question 12

Positive Rights

Answer 12

Welfare rights, rights to provision of some item or service you require for your welfare

Question 13

For which type of rights is the duty holder not specified?

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

2 purposes of morality

Answer 14

Generate cooperative behaviour

Regulate interpersonal relations

Question 15

5 C’s of morlaity

Answer 15

Cooperation
Compromise
Compassion
Conquer 
Conflict

Question 16

3 types of rights

Answer 16

Moral
Political
Legal

Question 17

Moral rights

Answer 17

Justified by reasoning of an enlightened conscience

Question 18

Political Rights

Answer 18

Entitle recognition/ participation in the government

Question 19

Basic Human Rights

Answer 19

Moral behaviours required to facilitate cooperative behaviour

Question 20

3 sources of morality

Answer 20

Subjectivism
Relativism
Objectivism

Question 21

Subjectivism

Answer 21

Right actions are those sanctioned by a person

Question 22

Relativism

Answer 22

Right actions are those sanctioned by one’s culture

Question 23

Objectivism

Answer 23

There are moral norms that are valid and true for everyone

Question 24

2 sources of objectivism

Answer 24

Authority figure

Reason/ rationality

Question 25

Deontology

Answer 25

Rightness of actions determined by their intrinsic value

Question 26

Kant

Answer 26

Perfect/ imperfect duties-- Believed morla duties are categorical, universla and absolutely binding

Question 27

Perfect Duties

Answer 27

Obligatory and can never be breached

Question 28

Imperfect duties

Answer 28

Aimed at a particular outcome and are always secondary to perfect duties

Question 29

Categorical Imperitive

Answer 29

CI1: Universalizability CI2: Respect for autonomy

Question 30

Ross

Answer 30

Prima facie duties

Question 31

Prima Facie Duties

Answer 31

Obligatory unless a compelling reason to override them

Question 32

7 prima facie duties

Answer 32

``` Fidelity Reparation Gratitude Justice Beneficence Self- improvement Non maleficence ```

Question 33

Consequentialist

Answer 33

Rightness of action dependant soley on the consequences and outcomes

Question 34

Utilitarianism

Answer 34

Right action is what results in the most beneficial balance of good over bad for everyone involved (Cost benefit analysis)

Question 35

Principle of Utiltiy

Answer 35

Maximize benefits and minimize harm

Question 36

Bentham

Answer 36

Hedonistic Utilitarianism: People seek pleasure and avoid pain

Question 37

Mill

Answer 37

Standard of Goodness: Goodness of consequences to be determined by values that don't change from person to person

Question 38

Moral Agent

Answer 38

A rational, mentally mature person who is capable of understanding action options and should be responsible for their actions

Question 39

2 levels of utiltiy

Answer 39

Rule utility | Act Utility

Question 40

Rule utility

Answer 40

General rules that if we conform to, will create the best balance of good

Question 41

Act utiltiy

Answer 41

Rightness depends on the relative good produced by actions

Question 42

2 principles of ethic of care

Answer 42

Avoid or minimize harm | Create, maintain and protect positive relationships

Question 43

4 principles of bioethics

Answer 43

Respect for autonomy Beneficence Nonmaleficence Justice

Question 44

Moral Community

Answer 44

Group of moral agents who agree to limit their behavior in order to achieve personal and social benefits

Question 45

Paternalism

Answer 45

People in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those dependant on them

Question 46

Weak paternalism

Answer 46

Permissable to interfere with autonomy only when the person is acting irrationally

Question 47

Strong paternalism

Answer 47

Permissable to override autonomy in order to promote benficence and nonmalifence