More Biological Molecules- 1B

Question 1

What are DNA and RNA both types of?

Answer 1

Nucleic acid

Question 2

What is DNA used for?

Answer 2

Storing genetic information.

Question 3

What is genetic information?

Answer 3

All the instructions an organism needs to grow and develop

Question 4

What is RNA used for?

Answer 4

Transferring genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 5

Describe the relation of ribosomes and RNA?

Answer 5

RNA transfers DNA to the ribosomes which read the RNA to make polypeptides in a process called translation.

Question 6

What are ribosomes themselves made of?

Answer 6

RNA and proteins.

Question 7

What is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 7

A pentose sugar
A nitrogen containing base
A phosphate group

Question 8

Name the sugar in DNA

Answer 8

Deoxyribose

Question 9

Fully name the 4 bases in DNA

Answer 9

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 10

Name the sugar in RNA

Answer 10

Ribose

Question 11

Name the 4 bases in RNA

Answer 11

Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 12

Define a polynucleotide

Answer 12

A polymer of nucleotides.

Question 13

Name the bond between the two phosphates and the pentose sugar?

Answer 13

Phosphodiester

consisting of 2ester bonds and the phosphate group

Question 14

What structure is DNA found in?

Answer 14

Double helix

Question 15

What type of bonding is there between the bases?

Answer 15

Hydrogen bonding

Question 16

How many bonds form between A and T?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

How many bonds form between C and G?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

How do we the describe the two polynucleotide chains in relation to each other?

Answer 18

Anti-parallel

Question 19

How does DNA replicate?

Answer 19

By semi-conservative replication

Question 20

What does DNA do before cell division to enable each new cell to have the full amount of DNA?

Answer 20

Copies itself

Question 21

What is the first stage of semi- conservative replication?

Answer 21

The hydrogen bonds are broken using an enzyme (helicase) forming two single strands.

Question 22

What reaction joins new strands together?

Answer 22

Condensation

Question 23

What enzyme catalyses the joining of the new polynucleotide DNA strands?

Answer 23

Polymerase.

Question 24

What is the final stage of semi-conservative replication?

Answer 24

Each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one new strand.

Question 25

Name the two scientists who provided evidence for semi-conservative replication

Answer 25

Meselson | Stahl

Question 26

Name the 2 purine bases

Answer 26

Adenine | Guanine

Question 27

Describe the role of DNA polymerase

Answer 27

Joins nucleotides to form a new strand.

Question 28

How is prokaryotic DNA different from Eukaryotic DNA

Answer 28

It's smaller | Circular DNA

Question 29

Why is ATP a nucleotide derivative?

Answer 29

ATP is called a nucleotide derivative because it is a modified form of a nucleotide (Contains adenine, and 2 more phosphates)

Question 30

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 30

Adenosine Triphosphate.

Question 31

Name processes in cells that require ATP

Answer 31

``` Metabolic processes Secretion Active Transport Movement Activation of molecules. ```

Question 32

When energy is needed by a cell what happens to ATP?

Answer 32

ATP is broken down via a hydrolysis reaction into ADP, breaking the phosphate bond which releases energy.

Question 33

What enzyme catalyses the activation of ATP

Answer 33

ATP hydrolase

Question 34

What is ATP often referred to as?

Answer 34

The immediate energy resource of a cell.

Question 35

What is ATP made up of?

Answer 35

Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate groups.

Question 36

How does ATP store energy?

Answer 36

Stores energy between phosphate groups, which are unstable so have low activation energy and are easily broken to release energy. (ATP hydrolase catalyses reaction)

Question 37

Name the pyrimidine bases

Answer 37

Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil

Question 38

The active site on DNA Polymerase is only complementary to the ……….. ….. ?

Answer 38

The active site on DNA Polymerase is only complementary to the 3' end.

Question 39

Which part of a nucleotide is DNA Polymerase complementary to?

Answer 39

Phosphate end