More exam prep

Question 1

type of qualitative research that focuses on experience as the whole person lives it

Answer 1

phenomenology

Question 2

type of qualitative research that seeks to understand meaning and the individual’s sociocultural experiences

Answer 2

Hermeneutics

Question 3

type of qualitative research that describes a culture and the people within the culture

Answer 3

ethnography

Question 4

theory that uncovers psychosocial problems and how people manage

Answer 4

grounded theory

Question 5

research that describes or analyzes past events to better understand the present

Answer 5

historical research

Question 6

research method that is appropriate when little information is known about a phenomenon or when phenomena are difficult to measure; systematically describes and promotes understanding of human experiences such as health, healing, energy, intention, caring, comfort, and meaning - context of this approach is meaning of overserved pattern.

Answer 6

Qualitative Research

Question 7

A systematic, formal, objective process based on the scientific method in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world. Involves the following: descriptive research, correlational research, quasi-experimental research, experimental research (randomized controlled trials)

Answer 7

Quantitative Research

Question 8

a statistical technique that establishes an overall estimate of the therapeutic effectiveness of an intervention by combining and synthesizing the results of many small, but meaningful, experiments - this technique is stronger than systematical reviews because it considers sample size, strength of the experimental methods, and threats to internal and external validity, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Answer 8

meta-analysis

Question 9

Nurse theorist associated with the Science of Unitary Human Beings

Answer 9

Martha Rogers

Question 10

This type of research includes intuition, storytelling, imagery, meditation, direct knowing, creative means of expressions, dreams, trance states, and describing uncommon experiences that are used as possible “strategies and procedures at all phases of the research inquiry.”

Answer 10

Transpersonal research

Question 11

The awareness of being observed changes the relationship, what is being measured, and the subsequent results of a research project.

Answer 11

the Hawthorne effect

Question 12

describes healing that alters the subtle flow of energy within and around a person or organism

Answer 12

Energy healing

Question 13

What are the 5 categories listed by NCCAM?

Answer 13

1. mind-body medicine
2. natural product-based therapies
3. manipulative based practices
4. body-based practices
5. whole medical systems

Question 14

Ports that exist within the body for energy and information exchange with the environment

Answer 14

Chakras

Question 15

essential oil that opens the sixth chakra (the 3rd eye) and opens a person to insight and spiritual experiences

Answer 15

Frankincense

Question 16

Essential oil that helps relax the tension in the chest and lungs and is useful for asthmatics and people having difficulty breathing

Answer 16

Basil

Question 17

Proposes that much of human behavior is regulated by endogenous, cyclical processes, such as women who live together all having their menses at the same time

Answer 17

Social entrainment

Question 18

describes how a skilled and empathic listener naturally adjusts their posture and natural speech rhythms to match the person with whom they are speaking

Answer 18

Interactional synchrony

Question 19

reprogramming of negative, derogatory self-talk to positive, constructive self-talk

Answer 19

Cognitive restructuring

Question 20

the basis of the Holistic Self-Care Model;
Apter’s phenomenologic theory of arousal, motivation, and action - provides a framework to explain factors related to overeating and lack of exercise in overweight individuals.

Answer 20

Reversal Theory

Question 21

the discrepancy between where individuals are and where they want to be; the discrepancy between desired and actual feelings

Answer 21

Tension stress

Question 22

A model designed to assist overweight clients with individualized nutritional, exercise, and psycho-social-spiritual strategies for a long-term pursuit of healthier and happier lifestyles

Answer 22

The Holistic Self-Care Model

Question 23

spiritually based, cognitive strategies designed to expand and maximize people’s ability to manage health weight with long-term results; EAT for Hunger, Exercise for LIFE, and ESTEEM for Self and Others.

Answer 23

BIO strategies (BIO = Balance from the Inside Out)

Question 24

A model of change theory that involves 5 stages of motivational readiness when confronted with lifestyle change:

1. Pre-contemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. action
5. maintenance

Answer 24

Prochaska and DiClemente’s Transtheoretical Therapy Model

Question 25

The purpose of this nursing theory is to embrace the unitary whole person and the complexity of the nursing profession and healthcare; explore the direct application of an integral process and integral worldview that includes 4 perspective of realities - the individual interior and exterior and the collective interior and exterior; and to expand nurses' capacities as 21st century Nightingales, health diplomats, and integral health coaches who coach for integral health locally to globally.

Answer 25

Dossey's Theory of Integral Nursing

Question 26

The elimination of S&S of disease

Answer 26

curing

Question 27

May occur without curing; multidimensional; can occur at the physical level but can also occur at each of the other levels of the human system - emotion, mind, and spirit. This is always possible. This process is completely unique and creative and may not be coerced, manipulated, or controlled.

Answer 27

healing

Question 28

Facilitates the healing process but is not the one doing the healing; participates in the healing process, formulating a healing intention and doing what they believe is best in this situation, while allowing the outcome of the process to remain a mystery.

Answer 28

Nurse healer

Question 29

What are the 5 elements necessary for a nurse to function in an ideal way?

Answer 29

``` knowledge theories expertise intuition creativity ```

Question 30

Theory with overarching goal of nursing care to put patients in the best condition for nature to act on them - Environment is emphasized in relation to healing properties of the physical environment - fresh air, light, warmth, and cleanliness. Person is described in relationship to the environment.

Answer 30

Florence Nightingale's Theory of Environmental Adaptation

Question 31

According to this theory, nursing is a process that demands an interpersonal and interactive relationship with the client. The human Person is seen as a holistic being with interacting subsystems (biological, psychological, social, and cognitive) and with an inherent genetic base and spiritual drive; the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Environment is seen a both internal and external and includes stressors as well as resources for adapting to them. This theory presents 5 aims of all nursing interventions: to build trust, to promote positive orientation, to promote perceived control, to promote strengths, and to set mutual goals that are health directed. The nurse creates a model of the client's world and uses that model to plan interventions and to demonstrate and support health producing behaviors from within the client's worldview.

Answer 31

Helen Erickson's Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory

Question 32

Within this framework, nursing is mediated by "professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions." Person is seen holistically with the knowledge that the whole is greater than, and different from, the sum of the parts; every person is a valued individual to be cared for, cared about, and understood. Health is a subjective states that has to do with unity and harmony; illness can be understood as disharmony. Caring is achieved through the environment which provides social, cultural, and spiritual influences that may be perceived as caring. The foremost role of the nurse is to establish and intimate, caring relationship with the client.

Answer 32

Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring and Caring Science

Question 33

situations where nurses and clients come together in unique ways such that there is a truly transformational encounter leaving both the nurse and the client changed

Answer 33

Caring occasion or caring moment

Question 34

The strength of this nursing theory relies on the nurse's ability to provide high-quality, caring interactions with the client while simultaneously promoting health through nursing knowledge and interventions.

Answer 34

Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring and Caring Science

Question 35

Within this theory, Nursing is the scientific study of human and environmental energy fields. A person is a unified whole, defined as a human energy field; human beings evolve irreversibly and unidirectionally in space and time. Health is understood in terms of culture and individually defined by the subjective values of each person. The environment is the environmental energy field that is in constant interaction with the human energy field.

Answer 35

Martha Rogers Science of Unitary Human Beings

Question 36

According to this theory, the person is seen as a dynamic energy field; humans are identified by their field patterns. Health is expanding consciousness that includes and individual's total pattern; pathologic conditions are manifestations of the individual's total patter. Environment is the wholeness of the universe - no boundaries. People are not separate entities, but instead are "open energy systems constantly interacting and evolving with each other." Health and illness are paired as a unitary process of complementary forces of order and disorder that are essential in each person's continuing development. A significant illness often results in a turning point (a choice point) for a person where he or she sees him or herself differently.

Answer 36

Margaret Newman's Theory of Expanding Consciousness

Question 37

A person can be viewed only as a unified, whole being. Health is a process of becoming; a personal commitment, an unfolding, a process r/t lived experiences. Environment is the universe. The human universe is inseparable and evolving as one. The concept of presence is critically important for this theory because the nurse offers authentic presence to each client in the process of becoming and living experiences.

Answer 37

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's Theory of Human Becoming

Question 38

All nursing practice that has the enhancement of healing of the whole person as its goal

Answer 38

holistic nursing

Question 39

What nutrients promote neurotransmitter production?

Answer 39

B6 vitamins, protein

Question 40

which messenger molecules that are activated by self care activities provide joy?

Answer 40

Neuropeptides