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Question 1

What role did Labour and Māori MPs play during World War Two?

Answer 1

Labour and the Māori MPs initiated a massive war effort among Māori and mobilized them into the War industry.

Question 2

How did different Māori regions respond to the war effort during World War Two?

Answer 2

All Māori regions supported the war effort.

Question 3

What significant military unit was created during World War Two, and why is there a reference to the ‘Price of Citizenship’?

Answer 3

The Māori Battalion was created to fight in the War. The reference to the ‘Price of Citizenship’ reflects the contributions of Māori soldiers to New Zealand during the war.

Question 4

What are some push factors for Māori urban migration?

Answer 4

Push factors include strain on limited rural economic resources, a desire to escape cultural confines, geographical isolation, and employment challenges.

Question 5

What are some pull factors for Māori urban migration?

Answer 5

Pull factors encompass economic security, opportunities for higher education and training, the prospect of adventure, and greater independence.

Question 6

what is the definition of urban migration for Māori?

Answer 6

Urban migration refers to the movement of Māori from rural areas to urban centers.

Question 7

Who wrote the Hunn Report, and what was its significance?

Answer 7

The Hunn Report was written by Jack Hunn in 1960. It made far-reaching recommendations, encouraged urbanization, and raised questions about assimilation vs. integration.

Question 8

What challenges were associated with changes in Māori land tenure?

Answer 8

Māori collectively held land, but the shift to individual fee simple titles created challenges, including hindrances to land use and terms like “uneconomic shares” and “live-buying.”

Question 9

What employment issues were faced by Māori migrants during urbanization?

Answer 9

Māori migrants encountered employment challenges, especially in unskilled labor and redundancies in the 1980s.

Question 10

What housing challenges were experienced by Māori migrants during urbanization?

Answer 10

Housing challenges included issues with hostels, inner city living, ‘pepper-potting’ (dispersed housing), and the development of ethnic enclaves.

Question 11

How did the Māori Women’s Welfare League contribute to addressing the challenges faced by Māori migrants?

Answer 11

The Māori Women’s Welfare League played a significant role in addressing the challenges, such as racism and housing issues, faced by Māori migrants.

Question 12

How did Māori migrants make adjustments to urban life?

Answer 12

Māori migrants made adjustments by joining religious groups, cultural clubs, tribal groups, and Māori organizations. They also established urban, pan-tribal marae to maintain cultural connections.

Question 13

What does “tūrangawaewae” refer to in Māori culture?

Answer 13

“Tūrangawaewae” means one’s ancestral land or place of belonging.

Question 14

What was one of the challenges faced by Māori migrants in urban areas related to their ancestral land?

Answer 14

Māori migrants faced the challenge of being distant from their “tūrangawaewae,” which refers to their ancestral land or place of belonging.

Question 15

Who was Hori Kerei Taiaroa, and what were his key political roles?

Answer 15

Hori Kerei Taiaroa was an important Māori political figure. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Southern Māori from 1871 to 1879 and again from 1881 to 1885. He also had a role in the Legislative Council from 1879 to 1881 and 1885 to 1905.

Question 16

What was the South Island Landless Natives Act 1906 (SILNA), and what challenges did it present?

Answer 16

SILNA allocated land to South Island residents, providing them with 40 or 20 acres of land. However, the allocated land was often remote and unusable due to factors like steep terrain, making it challenging for recipients to utilize effectively.

Question 17

What was the Repudiation Movement, and what were its key developments?

Answer 17

The Repudiation Movement emerged in the 1870s as Māori disputed Crown land purchases, particularly in Wairarapa. It was led by Ngāti Kahungunu and resulted from the New Zealand Settlement Act 1863, which empowered the Governor to confiscate land. This movement led to conflicts known as the New Zealand Wars in Waikato, Taranaki, and Bay of Plenty.

Question 18

Who were the leaders of Parihaka, and what was the significance of Parihaka in this context?

Answer 18

Parihaka was inhabited by Māori, including leaders Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu Kākahi from Taranaki and Te Āti Awa iwi. It was a community of approximately 2000 people living on confiscated lands. Parihaka became a symbol of Māori resistance and nonviolent protest against land confiscation.

Question 19

hat significant event occurred in 1881 involving John Bryce and Māori King Tawhiao?

Answer 19

In November 1881, John Bryce, the Native Minister, turned his attention to Māori King Tawhiao in the King Country, marking a significant event in New Zealand history.

Question 20

Who was Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana, and what was one of his primary aims?

Answer 20

Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana emerged as a faith healer in 1918 in the Wanganui District. One of his primary aims was to have the Treaty of Waitangi enshrined into law.

Question 21

How did Māori communities get involved in World War Two, and what narrative is associated with this period?

Answer 21

During World War Two, the Labour Party and Māori MPs launched a significant war effort among Māori communities. Māori regions supported the war effort, with mobilization into the war industry and the creation of the Māori Battalion. This period was associated with the narrative ‘Price of Citizenship.’

Question 22

What was the goal of government policies regarding Māori urbanization?

Answer 22

To encourage Māori integration into Pākehā society.

Question 23

What were the outcomes of the Hunn Report in 1960 and the Māori Affairs Act 1953?

Answer 23

They led to additional Māori land loss, approximately 10%.

Question 24

Who organized the 1975 Māori Land March?

Answer 24

Te Rōpu o te Matakite organized the march.

Question 25

Where did the 1975 Land March start and end?

Answer 25

It started in Te Hapua (Northland) and ended in Wellington.

Question 26

Who played a significant role in the 1975 Māori Land March?

Answer 26

Whina Cooper was prominent in the march.

Question 27

What legislative change resulted from the 1975 Land March?

Answer 27

The march led to the passage of legislation creating the Waitangi Tribunal.

Question 28

What was the primary purpose of the Bastion Point Protest in 1977?

Answer 28

To oppose a housing development on Ngāti Whātua land.

Question 29

What was the duration of the Bastion Point Protest?

Answer 29

It lasted for 506 days.

Question 30

What does Section 6 of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 allow Māori to do?

Answer 30

It permits Māori to claim that they were adversely affected by the Crown’s actions inconsistent with the Treaty of Waitangi principles.

Question 31

How did government policies affect Māori land during the 1960s and 1970s?

Answer 31

They contributed to further Māori land loss during that period.

Question 32

What role did Whina Cooper play in New Zealand’s history?

Answer 32

She played a significant role in the 1975 Māori Land March.

Question 33

What impact did the Waitangi Tribunal have on addressing Māori grievances?

Answer 33

The Waitangi Tribunal was established to address and investigate Māori grievances related to the Treaty of Waitangi.

Question 34

What did the Treaty of Waitangi Amendment Act 1985 allow the Waitangi Tribunal to do?

Answer 34

Consider claims that occurred before 1975.

Question 35

What was the result of the Bastion Point case?

Answer 35

The resulting Orakei Report in 1987 criticized the government’s actions in taking Ngāti Whātua’s land over a century and found these actions in breach of the Treaty’s principles, particularly the “duty of active protection.”

Question 36

In what year was a settlement reached with Waikato-Tainui, and for how much?

Answer 36

In 1995, a $150 million settlement was reached with Waikato-Tainui.

Question 37

What role did Queen Elizabeth II play in the Waikato-Tainui settlement?

Answer 37

Queen Elizabeth II delivered an apology to Tainui and signed the Tainui Raupatu Bill 1995 as part of the settlement.

Question 38

When did another significant settlement occur, and with which Māori group?

Answer 38

in 1997, another significant settlement occurred with Ngāi Tahu for $150 million.