More Hypertensive Drugs

Question 1

What is B1 responsible for?

Answer 1

increasing heart rate, force and AV node conduction velocity

Question 2

What does B2 cause?

Answer 2

Bronchodilatation

Question 3

What do Bet-blockers for hypertension block?

Answer 3

B1

Question 4

What do beta blockers do to cardiac output?

Answer 4

Decrease (returns to normal over time, unlike MABP)

Question 5

For what should beta blockers be used but with the advice “start low, go slow?”

Answer 5

heart failure

Question 6

What do calcium channel blockers do?

Answer 6

Prevent opening of L-type channels in response to depolarization and hence limit increase in calcium

Question 7

Where do calcium channel blockers work?

Answer 7

Heart and smooth muscle

Question 8

What is Verapimil relatively selective for?

Answer 8

Cardiac L-type channels

Question 9

What kind of compound is amlodipine?

Answer 9

Dihydropyridine

Question 10

What is Amlodipine relatively selective for?

Answer 10

smooth muscle L-type channels

Question 11

What kind of selectivity does diltiazem have?

Answer 11

Intermediate

Question 12

What is a side effect of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 12

ankle swelling

Question 13

What calcium channel blocker is used to minimise unwanted effects on cardiac muscle in patients with hypertension or heart block?

Answer 13

Amlodipine

Question 14

Do calcium channel blockers produce coronary vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

Answer 14

coronary vasodilation

Question 15

What are calcium channel blockers useful for?

Answer 15

Patients with angina and hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, variant angina

Question 16

Which calcium antagonist is usually used for dysrhythmias but should be avoided in heart failure (especially in combination with a beta blocker)?

Answer 16

Verapamil

Question 17

What do potassium channel openers work?

Answer 17

Block ATP to open ATP-modulated K+ channels (KATP) channels in vascular smooth muscle

Question 18

What are examples of potassium channel openers?

Answer 18

Minoxidil, Nicorandil

Question 19

What is nicorandil used in?

Answer 19

Angina

Question 20

What is Minoxidil used in?

Answer 20

last resort for hypertension

Question 21

What are Minoxidil’s side effects and how can these be prevented?

Answer 21

Reflex tachycardia (use b-blocker) and salt and water retention (use diuretic)

Question 22

What do alpha blockers do?

Answer 22

Cause vasodilation by blocking alpha 1 adrenoceptors

Question 23

What are examples of alpha blockers?

Answer 23

Prazosin and doxazosin

Question 24

What is another use of alpha blockers other than hypertension?

Answer 24

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 25

What type of diuretic is Bendroflumethiazide?

Answer 25

Thiazide

Question 26

How do thiazide diuretics work?

Answer 26

Inhibit NaCl absorption in distal tubule by blocking Na+/Cl- cotransporter

Question 27

What type of diuretic is furosemide?

Answer 27

Loop

Question 28

How do loop diuretics work?

Answer 28

Inhibit NaCl absorption in thick ascending loop of Henle by blocking Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter

Question 29

Why are loop diuretics used in oedema and heart failure?

Answer 29

reduce salt and water overload

Question 30

What do both types of diuretic produce that is undesirable, and how can this be corrected?

Answer 30

Loss of potassium, corrected by potassium sparing diuretic