more other stuff Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
the precision of a measuring tool (excluding rulers/digital callipers)
A
half of the smallest division
2
Q
rulers/digital callipers precision
A
the smallest division
3
Q
SI base unit for temperature
A
Kelvin (K (capital letter)
4
Q
SI base unit for length
A
metres (m)
5
Q
SI base unit for volume
A
metre cube (m^3)
6
Q
SI base unit for time
A
seconds (s)
7
Q
SI base unit for mass
A
kilograms (kg)
8
Q
CER for material suitabililty
A
C: answer
E: property
R: how does this benefit purpose/user?
9
Q
what is precision based on?
A
based on instument
10
Q
what is reliability based on?
A
repition of experiment
11
Q
Marie puts 50 identical iron pellets into a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of each one. Jack puts 1 iron pellet into the measuring cylinder to measure its volume. who’s method is more suitable?
A
Marie’s method
volume of the pellet is too small so the measuring cylinder is not prcise nough to measure such a small change in volume.
12
Q
if a material denser than water is placed in water, where will it be?
A
sink down to the bottom
13
Q
if a material of the same density as water is placed in water, where will it be?
A
SUSPENDED in water (no matter where it is, as long as it does not float or touch the bottom)
14
Q
if the material is less dense than te water and is placed in water, where will it be?
A
floating on top of the water
15
Q
SI unit for density
A
kg/m^3
16
Q
possible units for density
A
kg/m^3
g/cm^3
17
Q
1g/cm^3
A
1000 kg/m^3 (m^3=1000000 cm^3)
18
Q
if the liquid in the measuring cylinder curves up/down, how to measure?
A
use middle of curve
19
Q
can scientists obtain a wide range of different results for the same experiment?
A
no
20
Q
should you say amounts?
A
NO
use volume, mass, length, etc.
21
Q
5Rs
A
refuse
reduce
reuse
recycle
rot
22
Q
how can a compound be broken down?
A
a compund can be chemically broken down into its constituent elements
23
Q
what does a mixture of elements look like?
A
2 or more different sets of same size same colour atoms that do not touch atoms of different size and colour
24
Q
what does one element look like?
A
sets of same size same colour atoms
25
period on periodic table
numbered row
26
group on periodic table
column
27
how to explain smth is a compound
1. describe physical peroperties of compund
2. descrive physical properties of elements of the compound
3. this shows the (compound) does not have the same properties as it constituent properties and thus, it is a compounnd
(4. in additon, (element) (chemical process) which shows that a chemical reaction took place)
28
when talking about solubility, filtration, etc, dont say smaller say...
smaller particle size
29
classes of materials
ceramic
metal
glass
plastic
fibres
30
characteristics of fibres
can be spun into threads and woven into fabrics
flexible
elastic
strong
durable
poor electrical conductivity
poor thermal conductivity
31
charactieristics of plastic
lightwieght
resistant to chemical corrosion
can be moulded into shapes
low melting piont
poor electrical conductiiveity
poor thermal conductivitiy
32
characteristics of ceramic
made from clay
resistant to chemical corrosion
has a very high melting point
hard
brittle (can be broken easily)
can be moulded into shapes when molten
poor electrical conductiviy
33
characteristics of metal
lustrous (shiny)
good electrical conductivity
good thermal conductivy
malleable
34
characteristics of glass
transparent
hard
brittle
can be moulded into shapes when moleten
poor electircal conductivity
high melting point
35
matter definition
anything that has mass and occupies space
36
how can matter ve classified
matter can be classified in different ways. for example, in the different staes they are in, from the materials the objects are made and so on
37
pure substance definition
a single substance not mixed with anything else
fixed composition
fixed properties
cannot be decomposed by simple physical seperation techniques
elements/compounds
38
impure substance definition
mixture
variable composition
variable properties
can be seperated into components by various physical seperation techniques
solutions/suspensions
39
is clear water and pure water the same thing?
no
40
what are elements?
the simplest pure substances. they are the vasic building blocks of living and non-living matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
made up of 1 type of atom
41
how to identify number of elements in a compound
find number of capital letters
42
compound vs mixture (chemical thingy arrangement thingy)
compound: H2O
mixture: He + O
43
metals physical propertites periodic table
nearly all metals are solids at room temperature
metals conduct electriecity
metals are goo d themal conductors
metals are strong and malleable, mostly quite soft
all metals are shiny when polished
44
non-metals physical properties
can either be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature
do not condurct electricity execpt for graphite
poor thermal condurctore
in solid state, they are hard and brittle
mostly dull when in solid state
45
atom
simplest particle of element
46
molecule
2 or more atoms chemically bonded (can be compound/element)
47
compound
2 or more elements chemically bonded together
48
do the elements and/or compounds in a mixture retain their physical properties?
yes
49
do the elements in a compound retain their physical properties?
no
50
homogenous mixtures
(solution)
particles of each component are distributed uniformly
51
heterogenous mixtures
(suspension)
particles of each component are not distributed uniformly
52
types of solutions (state of matter)
liquid-liquid - beer (ethanol+water)
gas-liquid - fizzy drinks (carbon dioxide+water)
solid-liquid - salt solution (salt+water)
solid-solid - alloys
gas-gas - air (nitogen+oxygen+other gases)
53
factors affecting rate of dissolving
rate of stirring
size of solute particles
temperature
54
factors affecting solubility
type of solvent
type of solute
temperature
55
dilute solution
solution with small amount of solute in large amount of solvent
56
concentrated solution
solution with large amount of solute in small amount of solution
57
saturated solution
solution which contains the greatest amount of solute that can ve dissolved in a fized amount of solvent at a given temperature
58
emergent ray (glass block)
ray coming out of glass block
59
refracted ray (glass block)
ray in glass block
60
incident ray (glass block)
ray entering glass block
61
characteristics of images produced by convex mirrors
diminished
virtual
upright
they provide a wide field of vision
62
characteristics of images produced by concave mirrors
magnified
virtual
upright
used when magnified image is needed
63
an ant is 6 cm in front of a plane mirror. it crwawls towards the mirror by 2cm. final distance from image?
8cm
64
cheryl is having her eyesight tested. a test card is placed 70cm behind her. the mirror is 190cm in front of her. how far away from her will the image position of the test card seem to be?
190cm+190cm+70cm = 450cm
65
higher optical density, ...
light travels slower, light ray goes towards normal
66
lower optical density, ...
light travels faster, light ray goes away from normal
67
what happens to ink on filter papwer when it comes in contact with water in both cases?
the ink will dissolve in the water and spread with the water through the filter paper
68
types of images
real image: light falls where the image is so the image can be caught on the screen. (image from a projector)
virtual image: image can be seen but no light rays are passing throughthe location of image, so the image cannot be caught on screen. (image in a mirror) (spectacle lens)
69
characteristics of image formed by plane mirror
upright
same size as object
image apperars as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror
virtual
laterally inverted
70
mnemonic for refraction optically density
FA - Faster light speed, bends Away from normal
ST - Slower light speed, bends Towards normal
71
where does refraction take place
at the boundary (the surface that seperates one medium form another)
72
will there be any bending of light if the angle of incidence is zero
no
73
will there be any increase/decrease of speed of light if angle incidence is zero?
yes
74
dispersion of light definition
seperation of white light into its spectrum of colours
75
what radiation is light?
electromagnetic radiation
76
how to recombine dispersed colours back into white light?
use a second prism that is inverted
77
is it possible to recombine dispersed colours back into white light?
yes
78
how to draw real light rays
solid lines with arrows
79
2 laws of reflection
The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie on the same plane.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
80
how to draw imaginary light rays, and what are they called
dotted lines with arrows, they are called virtual light rays
81
angle of incidence
the angle between the incident ray and the normal
82
angle of reflection
angle between the reflected ray and the normal
83
reflected ray
light ray bouncing off reflecting surface
84
incident ray
light ray approaching reflecting surface
85
normal
line perpendicular to reflecting surface and passing thorugh the point of incidence
86
reflection on smooth surfaces
regular reflection occurs so we can see clear reflected images
87
reflection on rough surfaces
diffused reflectioin occurs so we do not see clear relected images
88
is there lateral inversion when a periscope is used?
no
89
function of retort stand
clamp that holds other apparutus and is used to support apparatus during experiment
90
function of tripod stand with wire gause
tripod stand is usually used with a wire gauze on it and is used to support appartutus that is heated by a bunsen burner
91
boiling tube/test tube function
boiling tube/test tube is used ot contain small amounts of chemicals for heating or for mixing solutions or solids
92
beaker function
a beaker is used to contain chemicals or for collecting and holding liquids
93
conical flask function
a conical flask is used for containing chemicals or collecting and holding liquids. its narrow mouth allows a stopper or filter funnel to fit into it and also for easy mixing or liquids without spillage
94
evaporating dish function
evaporating dish is used for evaporating liquid in a solution over a bunsen burner
95
filter funnel function
filter funnel is used with a filter paper for seperating insoluble solids from a liquid.
96
flame for heating
air hole open, non-luminous
97
flame for alert others
air hole closed, orange, luminous
98
filtrate
liquid that has passed through filter
99
residue
particles that are left behind on the filter
100
filtration
used to sepertate insoluble solid form liquid. involes passsing the mixture through filter paper on a funnel
