more theory

Question 1

Briefly explain the difference between variables and identifiers.

Answer 1

A variable is a named memory location used to store data.
An identifier is the name given to variables, functions, classes, etc.

Question 2

Describe 4 core datatypes in Python.

Answer 2

Numeric (int, float, complex)
Text (str)
Boolean (bool)
Sequence (list, tuple, range)

Question 3

Difference between continue and break

Answer 3

break: Immediately exits the loop when a condition is met.
continue: Skips the current iteration and moves to the next loop cycle.

Question 4

Difference between pop, del, and clear in dictionaries

Answer 4

pop(key): Removes the specified key and returns its value.
del dict[key]: Deletes the key-value pair without returning the value.
clear(): Removes all items from the dictionary, leaving it empty.

Question 5

Briefly describe three String operations in Python.

Answer 5

Concatenation – Combines two or more strings into one using the + operator.
Slicing – Extracts a part of the string using index positions.
Case Conversion – Changes the case of a string using methods like upper() or lower().

Question 6

Explain four(4) list methods in Python.

Answer 6

append() – Adds a single element to the end of the list.
extend() – Adds multiple elements (from another list or iterable) to the end of the list.
insert() – Inserts an element at a specified position in the list.
remove() – Removes the first occurrence of a specified value from the list.

Question 7

What are the advantages of Object-oriented programming over procedural programming?

Answer 7

Easier to manage – Code is grouped in objects and classes making it easier to update
Reusability – You can reuse code using classes and object through inhertiance
Better organization – Makes big programs easier to understand.
Protects data – Only allows access to what’s needed.

Question 8

List four file processing tasks in Python.

Answer 8

Opening a file – Accessing a file for reading, writing, or appending.
Reading from a file – Retrieving data from a file.
Writing to a file – Saving data into a file.
Closing a file – Properly closing the file to free resources.

Question 9

Briefly explain polymorphism in Object-oriented programming.

Answer 9

Polymorphism:
“Polymorphism” refers to the ability of some bit of code to handle different data
types.
Polymorphism means the ability of different classes to respond to the same method or function call in their own way allowing flexibility in code.

Question 10

Briefly explain inheritance in Object-oriented programming.

Answer 10

Inheritance:
Inheritance allows a new class to acquire properties and methods from an existing class (parent), enabling code reuse and hierarchy.