Morphemes

Question 1

morpheme

Answer 1

most elemental unit of grammatical form/an arbitrary union of sound & meaning (grammatical function) that can’t be further analyzed

Question 2

morphology

Answer 2

the study of the internal structure of words/the rules by which words are formed/internal grammatical knowledge in native tongue

Question 3

linguistic sign

Answer 3

an arbitrary union of sound & meaning (grammatical function) that can’t be further analyzed

Question 4

monomorphemic word

Answer 4

a word consisted of a single morpheme

Question 5

what must a morpheme be?

Answer 5

a meaning of the morpheme must be constant

Question 6

what does the decomposition of words indicate in language?

Answer 6

the decomposition of words into morphemes shows the discreteness property of human language

Question 7

what is our morphological knowledge made of?

Answer 7

knowledge of the individual morphemes & the knowledge of the rules that combine them

Question 8

free morphemes

Answer 8

morphemes that constitute a word on their own

Question 9

bound morphemes

Answer 9

morphemes that are not words but can be attached to other morphemes to create a word

Question 10

affixes

Answer 10

prefixes (an affix that precedes a morpheme) & suffixes (an affix that follows a morpheme)

Question 11

infixes

Answer 11

morphemes that are inserted into other morphemes

Question 12

what are the only infixes in the English language?

Answer 12

full-word obscenities

Question 13

circumfixes/discontinuous morphemes

Answer 13

morphemes that are attached to a base morpheme initially and finally

Question 14

morphologically complex words are made of

Answer 14

morpheme root + affix(es)

Question 15

root

Answer 15

a morpheme that cannot stand alone/the morpheme where the circumflixes and infixes are attached to

Question 16

stem

Answer 16

root morpheme + affix

Question 17

base

Answer 17

any root/stem to which an affix is attached

Question 18

bound roots

Answer 18

do not occur in isolation/acquire meaning in combination with other morphemes

Question 19

morphological rules

Question 20

derivational morpheme

Answer 20

bound morphemes when added to a base, a new word with a new meaning is derived/have clear semantic content

Question 21

derived word

Answer 21

form that results from addition of a derivational morpheme

Question 22

blocked

Answer 22

when a certain affix enters the language, the need for other affixes are not needed

Question 23

how can a complex derivation be blocked?

Answer 23

when a new word enters the lexicon by the application of morphological rules

Question 24

derivational affixes manifests as…

Answer 24

(1) an addition of a suffix triggers subtle changes in pronunciation
(2) an addition of a suffix does not affect the pronunciation

Question 25

inflectional morphemes

Answer 25

bound morphemes that are strictly grammatical functions/do not change the grammatical category of the stems they’re attached to

Question 26

what can inflectional morphemes do?

Answer 26

they represent the relationships between different parts of a sentence

Question 27

what is the placement of inflectional morphemes to derivational morphemes?

Answer 27

in English, inflectional follows derivational

Question 28

productive

Answer 28

when a morpheme can apply freely to nearly every base/inflectional is productive

Question 29

case

Answer 29

aka “case of a noun”/the grammatical relation of a noun in a sentence

Question 30

case morphology

Answer 30

the process when case is marked by inflectional morphemes

Question 31

reduplication

Answer 31

inflecting a word through the repetition of part of all of the word

Question 32

characteristics of inflectional morphemes

Answer 32

grammatical function/no word class change/small or no meaning change/often required by rules of grammar/productive

Question 33

characteristics of derivational morphemes

Answer 33

lexical function/may cause word class change/some meaning change/never required by rules of grammar/some productive but most are unproductive