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Oral medicine > morphological variations of oral mucosa > Flashcards

morphological variations of oral mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

geographic tongue - aetiology

A

unknown

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2
Q

geographic tongue - clinical

A

appear, heal, develop elsewhere
demarcated erythema - desquamation of filiform papillae
surrounding white/yellow serpentine borders - filiform papillae in regeneration
often anterior 2/3

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3
Q

geographic tongue - what systemic condition may it be linked with?

A

psoriasis

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4
Q

geographic tongue - histology

A

red area - atrophic filiform papillae

white area - hyperkeratosis and acanthosis

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5
Q

geographic tongue - tx

A

none
reassure
avoid spicy food
mild topical CS if severe

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6
Q

fissured tongue and crenations - clinical

A

1 deep central +/- radial fissures: dorsum

crenations - lateral border indentations due to extended/forceful contact with teeth

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7
Q

fissured tongue and crenations - what oral condition can it be associated with?

A

geographic tongue

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8
Q

fissured tongue and crenations - tx

A

none - asymptomatic

avoid spicy/acid food if sore

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9
Q

fissured tongue and crenations - links to other diseases

A

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
Down syndrome
Cowden Syndrome
psoriasis

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10
Q

Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome

A

facial/lip swelling (granulomatous cheilitis)
facial paralysis
fissured tongue

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11
Q

hairy tongue - aetiology

A 
smoking
poor OH
AB therapy
c albicans
MW
systemic steroids
radiotherapy
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12
Q

hairy tongue - clinical

A

dorsum hairlike appearance
yellow/brown/black depending on diet and cause, bacterial pigmentation
sometimes gagging sensation/metallic taste
debris between elongated papillae = halitosis

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13
Q

hairy tongue - histopathology

A

hypertrophy of filiform papillae, subjacent inflammation

linked to excessive keratin production/failure of epithelial cells or keratin layer to desquamate

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14
Q

hairy tongue - tx

A

none
eliminate RFs
brush tongue with Na bicarb and water

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15
Q

lingual fimbriae

A

normal
small filiform flanges ventral tongue
parallel to and on either side of lingual frenulum
represent non-completely absorbed tissue during tongue development
if hyperplastic can confuse with squamous papillomas

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16
Q

what are lingual varices?

A

enlargement of small veins ventral tongue (rarely lips and FOM)

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17
Q

tx of lingual varices

A

none - asymptomatic

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18
Q

lingual varices factors

A
  • ageing - degeneration of collagen elastic fibre
  • hypertension
  • dentures
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19
Q

ankyloglossia pathogenesis

A

developmental anomaly
inferior frenulum too short, restricts tongue movement
- complete/partial fusion with STs FOM
varying severity - length of frenulum

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20
Q

ankyloglossia tx

A

mild - none
severe - frenuloplasty
- newborns if preventing breastfeeding

21
Q

lingual tonsil hypertrophy

A

non-pathologic
likely due to chronic low-grade infection of tonsils
back margin of tongue
often bilateral, asymptomatic
usually resolves few days/weeks
if persistent and progressive S+S - biopsy to rule out malignancy

22
Q

taste bud hypertrophy - which papillae is it usually?

A

circumvallate

23
Q

taste bud hypertrophy - why may they be more prominent?

A 
acid reflux
allergies
infections
irritation
smoking
spicy/sour foods
vit deficiency
24
Q

taste bud hypertrophy - effect

A

can sometimes make eating painful

25
Q

taste bud hypertrophy - resolution

A

usually goes away on its own

26
Q

taste bud hypertrophy - tx

A

none
may tx underlying conditions
good OH, stop smoking, avoid spicy/acidic foods

27
Q

which papillae are in the centre of the tongue?

A

filiform

28
Q

which papillae go across the back of the tongue?

A

circumvallate

29
Q

which papillae go in lines along the side of the tongue at the back?

A

foliate

30
Q

which papillae lie on the edges of the tongue?

A

fungiform

31
Q

physiologic pigmentation cause

A

racial - African, Afro-American, Asian

increased melanocyte activity (not by increased number of melanocytes)

32
Q

physiologic pigmentation presentation

A

vary

uniform, unilateral, bilateral, multifocal, mottled, macular, may involve entire mucosa

33
Q

physiologic pigmentation tx

A

none - asymptomatic

34
Q

other causes of pigmentation

A

post-inflammatory

Addison’s disease

35
Q

leukoedema - aetiology

A

unknown

more common African/African-American - may be associated with racial pigmentations

36
Q

leukoedema - clinical

A 
normal anatomic variant
white opalescent 
buccal/vestibular mucosa
always bilateral
disappears when stretched
37
Q

leukoedema - histology

A

hyperparakeratosis
acanthosis
intracellular oedema

38
Q

leukoedema - tx

A

none - asymptomatic

39
Q

Fordyce granules aetiology

A

unknown

40
Q

what are Fordyce granules?

A

ectopic sebaceous glands

should be associated with hair follicles usually

41
Q

Fordyce granules clinical presentation

A

white/yellow rice-like granules

can be confluent

42
Q

Fordyce granules tx

A

none - asymptomatic

43
Q

linea alba appearance clinically

A

white horizontal line buccal mucosa, along occ plane, usually bilateral
from retro-commisural area to posterior part of buccal mucosa

44
Q

linea alba histology

A

hyperparakeratosis
prominent granular layer
acanthosis

45
Q

linea alba likely cause

A

friction/sucking trauma from facial surfaces of teeth

46
Q

linea alba tx

A

none

47
Q

exostoses

A 
benign bony overgrowths of facial bones
 - midline HP - palatal torus
 - lingual mandible - mandibular tori
single/multiple
freq asymptomatic
48
Q

what are exostoses covered by?

A

normal epithelium

49
Q

indications for SR of exostoses

A

overlying mucosa continuously traumatised causing pain and bleeding
pt needs removable prosthesis

Oral medicine (14 decks)

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