morphology

Question 1

morphology and linguistic sign

Answer 1

study of form and structures of words in a language; inflection, derivation and formation of compounds
LS: form + meaning

Question 2

morphemes

Answer 2

indivisible and meaningful units in a given language

Question 3

morph and allomorph

Answer 3

m: concrete realisation of morpheme
a: variant forms of an identical morpheme

Question 4

cranberry morph vs. empty morph

Answer 4

CM: we know one part of a word but not the other (Mon-day)
EM: used for linking 2 or more words together (CzechOslovakia)

Question 5

inflection

Answer 5

changes made in the form of a word to express their relations to the other words in a sentence = conjugation and declension

Question 6

word classes (Quirk)

Answer 6

closed classes: articles, pronouns, prepositions, determiners, conjunctions, content words
open classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
lesser categories, words of unique functions

Question 7

nouns

Answer 7

determine: case (vocative, possessive), gender (masculine, feminine, neutral), number (sg./pl.)

Question 8

verbs

Answer 8

determine: tense (past, present, future), aspect (simple, conti., perfect, perfect conti.), person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (sg./pl.), mood (indicative and imperative), voice (active/passive)

Question 9

inflectional vs. derivational morphemes:

Answer 9

I: always attached last, indicate grammatical property (gender and number)
D: change word class - create new words

Question 10

suppletion

Answer 10

phonological change - occurs in the inflectional

Question 11

word formation processes

Answer 11

• compounding: process of combining 2 words to create new word (language + teacher = language teacher)
• affixation: formation of words by attaching affixes to different types of basis - prefix/suffix (INcapable, happiNESS)
• conversion: creating verbs from nouns w/o changing the form and vice versa (book -> to book)
• blending: blending 2 words together (smog=smoke+fog)
• back-formation: shortened word (to baby sit->babysitter)
• shortenings: 1) acronyms (FBI, NYPD), 2) clippings (celeb, math) - removing 2nd half of the word