Morphology

Question 0

Absolutive

Answer 0

In ergative case systems, the case associated with the object of a transitive verb or the subject of an intransitive one.

Question 1

Ergative

Answer 1

The case associated with the subject of a transitive verb. In these systems, subjects of intransitive verbs are assigned absolutive case.

Question 2

Accusative

Answer 2

The morphological case that occupied the position of object to verb or some prepositions. N and PN are assumed to receive this case by government; ADJ and participles P receive by agreement with noun.

Question 3

Adjective

Answer 3

Can function has the head of an adjective phrase

Question 4

Adverb

Answer 4

Modifies a verb, adj, adv, prepos etc

Question 5

Affix

Answer 5

A bound morpheme attaching to a root or stem to form a new lexeme (derived) or inflected form or stem of existing lexeme

Question 6

Agglutinative

Answer 6

Adj applied to languages or to morph characterized by words w several morphs, of which each belongs to lexical cat and the others are clear and have a single semantic function

Question 7

Agreement

Answer 7

The process by which one lexical category is inflected to express the properties of another

Question 8

Allomorphs

Answer 8

2+ instances of a given morpheme w different shapes

Question 9

Analytic

Answer 9

A lang whose words usually contain one morpheme

Question 10

Apophony / Ablaut

Answer 10

Systematic vowel changes in a root that signal a morphological contrast - an internal change (sing/sang)

Question 11

Aspect

Answer 11

An inflectional category that encodes the relationship of an event or action to the passage of time, esp in ref to duration, completion, repetition.

Question 12

Perfect aspect

Answer 12

Verb form expressing action or state that has finished at the time of speaking

Question 13

Assigned

Answer 13

Said of inflectional categories, such as case, that aren’t inherent to a word but are the result of government or concord with another element in the utterance

Question 14

Assimilation

Answer 14

Occurs when a segment takes on 1+ phonetic characteristics of another one such as nasality, place of articulation or voicing. Can be PROGRESSIVE (spreads forward) or REGRESSIVE (spreads back)

Question 15

Augmentative

Answer 15

Derived form indicating an increase in size, force, intensity as compared to base word

Question 16

Back formation

Answer 16

A morphological process whereby a real or imagined affix is removed from an existing word to create another

Question 17

Blend

Answer 17

A word derived by combining parts of two or more other words (smog)

Question 18

Blocking

Answer 18

The process by which a potential word is prevented from occurring in a language because another form with the same meaning and function already exists.

Question 19

Bound form

Answer 19

A morpheme that must be attached to a stem

Question 20

Case

Answer 20

A morphological category that encodes information about a word’s grammatical role (subject, in/direct object, possessor)

Question 21

Circumfix

Answer 21

A bound morpheme made up of two parts one that occurs before and one that occurs after the root

Question 22

Clipping

Answer 22

A word formation process by which a word is created by lopping off part of another word (nicknames)

Question 23

Clitic

Answer 23

Morphemes that behave syntactically as words but cannot stand alone phonologically and must be incorporated into an adjacent word ( ‘s)

Question 24

Closing suffix

Answer 24

May not be followed by any others, but if for example it's a derivational closing suffix, it may be able to be followed by inflectional suffixes

Question 25

Coda (k)

Answer 25

The consonant/s that follow the nucleus in some syllables

Question 26

Conjugation

Answer 26

Set of forms associated with a verbal lexeme

Question 27

Context-free/-sensitive

Answer 27

Describes whether the inflection is mapped one to one btwn feature and phonological string. Free: -ing, sensitive: English past tense

Question 28

Dative

Answer 28

The case likely to be assigned to indirect objects

Question 29

Declension

Answer 29

In some languages, inflection of N, PN, ADJ for categories like case, #, gender

Question 30

Derivation

Answer 30

Creation of a new lexeme from one+ other lexemes thru morphological process (affixation, compounding)

Question 31

Enclitic

Answer 31

Clitic that attaches to end of words

Question 32

Endocentric

Answer 32

Compound words that have a head (a SCHOOL BUS is a BUS)

Question 33

Epenthesis

Answer 33

A process inserting a segment in a given environment.

Question 34

Exaptation

Answer 34

Occurs when phonological material takes on a new function unrelated to its original and obsolete function

Question 35

Exocentric

Answer 35

Compound words with no head; HOTDOG

Question 36

Exponence

Answer 36

Simple: morpheme meaning a single concept; Cumulative: meaning is complex; extended: one+ morpheme combines to a single concept

Question 37

Exponent

Answer 37

The marker of a given morphosyntactic feature. (S is the exponent of plural in "kits")

Question 38

Extension

Answer 38

Set of entities that a word or expression picks out in the world (The extension of THE CURRENCY OF THE US is DOLLAR)

Question 39

Free form

Answer 39

Can stand alone, its position not totally fixed by other elements (berry)

Question 40

Fusional

Answer 40

Characterized by combination of 2+ morphosyntactic features in one morpheme

Question 41

Genitive

Answer 41

Case denotes possession, measurement or source

Question 42

Government

Answer 42

Term referring to ability of some elements of a sentence to require other elements to bear a morphosyntactic feature although the first element itself does not seem to possess this feature (ie case assignment by verbs)

Question 43

Grammatical function change

Answer 43

Alternations in the grammatical encoding of referential expressions