Morphology

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

component of mental grammar that deals with types of words and how words are formed out of smaller meaningful pieces and other words

Question 2

form

Answer 2

what words sounds like when spoken

Question 3

lexicon

Answer 3

mental dictionary

Question 4

derivation

Answer 4

process of creating words out of other words

Question 5

affixes

Answer 5

added pieces to make new words

Question 6

inflection

Answer 6

creation of different grammatical forms of words

Question 7

morphemes

Answer 7

smallest linguistic unit with a meaning

Question 8

homophonous

Answer 8

affixes that sound alike but have different meanings of functions (-er can be derivational or inflectional)

Question 9

free morpheme

Answer 9

can stand alone

Question 10

bound morpheme

Answer 10

cannot stand alone (affixes)

Question 11

bound roots

Answer 11

roots that cannot stand alone but have some historical meaning (-ceive, -fer, cranberry words)

Question 12

content morphemes

Answer 12

have concrete meaning

Question 13

function morphemes

Answer 13

grammatically relevant information (ex. -ing)

Question 14

aspect

Answer 14

how something unfolds in time (completed, ongoing, frequent, etc.)

Question 15

compounding

Answer 15

process that forms new words from two or more independent words

Question 16

reduplication

Answer 16

process of forming new words by doubling an entire free morpheme or part of it

Question 17

english reduplication

Answer 17

no systemic reduplication, but does contain lexical reduplication (bye bye, used for intensity like-like)

Question 18

alternation

Answer 18

make a new word via internal modifications (woman to women, goose to geese)

Question 19

alternation is usually inflectional, but can be derivational

Answer 19

strive (n) and strive (v), teeth (n) and teethe (v), breath (n) and breathe (v)

Question 20

suppletion

Answer 20

replacement of root by morphologically unrelated root - same core meaning, different context (is to was, go to went)

Question 21

ablaut

Answer 21

form of alternation, vowel change (swim swam swum, ring rang rung)

Question 22

conversion

Answer 22

no change in stress or vowel of word, but different lexical category (mother noun and mother verb)

Question 23

stress shift

Answer 23

change in stress of word to indicate different lexical category (import noun and import verb)

Question 24

when compounding, what element determines syntactic form

Answer 24

second element

Question 25

-ity

Answer 25

forms a noun that requires an adjective to attach to

Question 26

-less

Answer 26

forms an adjective that requires noun to attach to

Question 27

-able

Answer 27

forms an adjective that needs intransitive verb to attach to

Question 28

backformation

Answer 28

shortening of word to make new word of new syntactic form (editor came before edit; burglar came before burgle

Question 29

clippings

Answer 29

shortening of word but doesnt change syntactic form (fridge)

Question 30

acronym

Answer 30

using first letter(s) of words of a phrase to make a word (SCUBA, NATO)

Question 31

blend

Answer 31

taking pieces of words to form a new word (mobile hotel to motel, smoke and fog to smog)

Question 32

what affixes are added first: derivational or inflectional

Answer 32

derivational

Question 33

derivational affixes

Answer 33

may change word class, restricted to subclasses, have semantic drift

Question 34

inflectional affixes

Answer 34

don't change word class, unrestricted, no semantic drift

Question 35

two forms of inflectional affixes

Answer 35

tense and aspect

Question 36

isolating language

Answer 36

do not use affixes, have separate words; each word consists of separate morpheme

Question 37

synthetic language

Answer 37

bound morphemes attached to other morphemes

Question 38

agglutinating languages

Answer 38

type of synthetic language in which morphemes joined loosely - easy to determine where boundaries between morphemes are, and each morpheme carries one meaning

Question 39

fusional languages

Answer 39

type of synthetic language in which bound morphemes are added to stems, not as easy to determine separate morphemes, and morphemes can carry several meanings

Question 40

8 inflectional morphemes in english

Answer 40

-s, -s, -ed, -en, -ing, -s, -er, -est

Question 41

noun forms of -s

Answer 41

plural and possessive

Question 42

verb form of -s

Answer 42

3rd person, singular, present

Question 43

-ing

Answer 43

progressive, verb

Question 44

-en

Answer 44

perfect, verb

Question 45

-ed

Answer 45

past perfect, verb

Question 46

-er

Answer 46

comparative, adjective

Question 47

-est

Answer 47

superlative, adjective