Morphology of Flowering Plants Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
Root system found in dicotyledons?
A
Tap root system
2
Q
Roots that originate from the base of the stem found in monocotyledons?
A
Fibrous root system
3
Q
Roots that arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called?
A
Adventitious roots
4
Q
In which region of root thread like structures called root hairs are present?
A
Region of Maturation
5
Q
Thimble like structure covering the apex of root is known as
A
Root cap
6
Q
Examples of tap root modification for storage of food
A
Carrot and turnip
7
Q
Examples of adventitious root modification for storage of food
A
Sweet potato
8
Q
Hanging structures that support the banyan tree are called
A
Prop roots
9
Q
Examples of stilt roots
A
Maize and Sugarcane
10
Q
Roots found in Rhizophora which helps in getting oxygen for respiration is known as
A
Pneumatophores
11
Q
Underground stems modified to store food
A
Ginger, Tumeric, Potato, Colocasia and Zaminkand
12
Q
Stem modification which hepls plant to climb
A
Tendrils
13
Q
Examples of stem modifications as thorns
A
Bougainvilles and Citrus
14
Q
Stem modified into chlorophyll containing flattened structures to carry out photosynthesis found in
A
Optunia
15
Q
Stem modified into chlorophyll containing fleshy cylindrical structures to carry out photosynthesis found in
A
Euphorbia
16
Q
Name the aquatic plants in which lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing rosette of leaves and a tuff roots are found
A
Pistia and Eichhornia
17
Q
Leaf bears a bud in its axil known as
A
Axillary bud
18
Q
The leaf is attached to the stem by the
A
Leaf base
19
Q
The leaf bear two lateral small leaf-like structures called
A
Stipules
20
Q
In some leguminous plants the leaf base may become swollen, which is known as
A
Pulvinus
21
Q
The green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets are known as
A
Lamina or leaf blade
22
Q
The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as
A
Venation
23
Q
When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as
A
Reticulate venation
24
Q
When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as
A
Parallel venation
25
When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called
Compound leaf
26
Example of palmately compound leaf
Silk cotton
27
Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in
Calotropis and Guava
28
Whorled phyllotaxy is seen in
Alstonia
29
Example of plant in which leaves are modified into tendrils
Peas
30
Modification of leaves into fleshy leaves to store food
Onion and Garlic
31
When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always
Solitary
32
Inflorescences in which main axis continues to grow the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession
Racemose
33
Infloresence in which the main axis terminates in flower is limited in growth
Cymose
34
Reproductive unit in the angiosperms
flower
35
Swollen end of the stalk or pedicel
thalamus or receptacle
36
When the flower has both androceium and gynoecium it is known as
bisexual
37
When a flower having either only stamens or only carpels is known as
Unisexual
38
Examples of Actinomorphic flower
Mustard, datura and chilli
39
Examples of Zygomorphic flower
Pea, gulmohur, bean and Cassia
40
Flower that cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre,
Asymmetric
41
Flower with bracts are called
Bracteate
42
Flowers in which the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other part is situated below it, known as
Hypogynous
43
If gynoecium is situated in the centre and the other part of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level level, it is called
Perigynous
44
Flowers in which the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it and the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary, are
Epigynous flowers
45
Examples of inferior ovary
Flowers of guava and cucumber and the ray florets of sunflower
46
Calyx, when sepals are united, is
Gamosepalous
47
Calyx is called as when sepals are free
polysepalous
48
When sepals or petals in the whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping it is said to be
Valvate
49
Example of valvate aestivation is
Calotropis
50
If one margin of the appendage overlap of the next one and so on, it is called
twisted
51
Example of twisted aestivation
China rose, lady finger and Cotton
52
If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in particular direction is known as
Imbricate Aestivation
53
Examples of vexillary or papilionaceous aestivation
Pea and bean
54
A sterile stamen is called
staminode
55
Epipetalous stamens are found in
Brinjal
56
When stamens are attached to the petals, they are called
epipetalous
57
When stamens are attached to the perianth, they are called
epiphyllous
58
Epiphyllous stamens are found in
Lily
59
When stamens in a flower are free, they are called
polyandrous
60
When the stamens are united into one bunch or one bundle, they are known as
monoadelphous
61
When the stamens may be united into two bundles, they are known as
Diadelphous
62
When the stamens may be united into more than two bundles, they are known as
polyadelphous
63
Variation in length of filaments within flower is seen in
Salvina and mustard
64
When more than one carpels are present and they are free, are called as
apocarpous
65
When more than one carpels are present and they are fused, are called as
syncarpous
66
Examples of syncarpous carpel
mustard and tomato
67
The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as
placentation
68
Examples of marginal placentation
Pea
69
When the placentation is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary, the placentation is said to be
axile
70
Example of axile placentation
china rose, tomato and lemon
71
In ___ placentation the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on peripheral part
parietal
72
Examples of parietal placentation
mustard and Argemone
73
Examples of free central placentation
Dianthus and primose
74
When the ovules are borne on central axis and septa are absent, the placentation is called
free central
75
When the placenta develops at the base of ovary and a single ovule is attached to it, the placentation is called
basal placentation
76
Examples of plants showing basal placentation
sunflower, marigold
77
If a fruit is formed without fertilization of the ovary, it is called a
parenthenocarpic fruit
78
Examples of drupe
mango and coconut
79
Fruit that is developed from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one seeded, are known as
drupe
80
In some seeds such as castor the endosperm formed as a result of double fertilization, is a food storing tissue and called
endospermic seeds
81
Examples of non endospermous seeds
bean, gram and pea
82
In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called
nonendospermous
83
The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called
aleurone layer
84
In monocot seeds, plumule is enclosed within a sheath called
coleoptile
85
In monocot seeds radicle is enclosed in a sheath which is called
coleorhiza
86
In the floral formula Br stands for
bracteate
87
In the floral formula K stands for
calyx
88
In the floral formula C stands for
corolla
89
In the floral formula P stands for
perianth
90
In the floral formula A stands for
Androecium
91
In the floral formula G stands for
Gynoecium
92
The position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented by
a dot on the top of the floral diagram
93
The Fabaceae family was earlier called as -
Papilionoideae
94
Papilonoideae is the subfamily of which family?
Leguminosae
95
Inflorescence in fabaceae family -
racemose
96
Example of a plant in fabaceae family from which dye is obtained?
Indigofera
97
Examples of plant in fabaceae family from which fibres are obtained?
sunhemp
98
Examples of Medicinal plant in fabaceae family
multani
99
Solanaceae family is commonly called as-
potato family
100
Example of medicinal plant in solanaceae family
belladona, ashwagandha
101
Example of fumigatory plant in Solanaceae family
tobacco
102
Examples of Ornamental plant in Solanaceae family
petunia
103
Lilaceae family is known as-
Lily family
104
Examples of ornamental plant in Lilaceae family
tulip, Gloriosa
105
Example of medicinal plant in Lilaceae family
Aloe
106
Example of plant used as vegetable in Lilaceae family
Asparagus
107
Reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel is called
bracts
108
Flowers without bracts are called
Ebracteate
109
The angiosperms show such a large diversity in external structures or _____
morphology
110
Angiosperms are all characterised by presence of roots, ____, _____, ______ and ____
stems, leaves, flowers and flowers
111
Adaptations of the plants to their environment includes adaptations to various _____, for protection, _____, ____, etc
habitats, climbing, storage
112
The underground part of the flowering plant is ____ system while the portion above the ground forms the ____ system
root; shoot
113
In majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the ____ leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil
radicle
114
Primay root bears ____ roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots
lateral
115
The primary roots and its branches constitute ____ system
taproot
116
Mustard plants have ____ system
taproot
117
In _____ plants, the primary root is short lived and is replaced by a large number of roots
monocotyledonous
118
____ root system is seen in the wheat plant
Fibrous
119
Which root system is found in some plants, like grass, Monstera and the banyan tree ?
Adventitious root system
120
Tthe main functions of the roor system are absorption of ____ and ___ from the soil.
water, minerals
121
The main functions of the root system are providing a proper ___ to the plant parts
anchorage
122
The main functions of the root system are storing reserve food material and synthesis of ___
plant growth regulators
123
_____ protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil
root cap
124
A few millimetres above the root cap is the region of ____
meristematic activity
125
The cells of region of meristematic activity region are very small, ____ and with dense ____. They divide repeatedly
thin-walled, protoplasm
126
Region of elongation cells are located ____ to region of meristematic activity
proximal
127
Region of elongation cells undergo rapid elongation and ___
enlargement
128
Region of ____ is responsible for the growth of the root in length
elongation
129
The cells of the ____ zone gradually differentiate and mature
elongation
130
The zone, proximal to region of elongation, is called the region of ____
maturation
131
From the region of maturation some of the ____ cells form very fine and delicate, thread - like structures called root hairs
epidermal
132
These ___ absorb water and minerals from the soil
root hairs
133
Roots in some plants change their ___ and ____ and become modified to perform functions other than absorption and conduction of water and minerals
shape, structure
134
Roots are modified for ____, storage of food and ____
support, respiration
135
The stem is the ____ part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, lowers and fruits
ascending
136
Stem develops from the ____ of the embryo of a germinating seed
plumule
137
The stem bears nodes and ____
internodes
138
The region of stem where ___ are born are called nodes
leaves
139
____ are the portions between two nodes
Internodes
140
The stem bear buds, which may be ____ or _____
terminal, axillary
141
Stem is generally green when ___
young
142
Stems later often become ___ and dark brown
woody
143
The main function of the stem is spreading out ____ bearing leaves, flowers and fruits
branches
144
Stem conducts water, minerals and ____
photosynthates
145
Some stems perform the function of storage of food, support, protection and of _____
vegetative propagation
146
Stems also act as organs of ____ to tide over conditions unfavourable for growth
perennation
147
Stem tendrils which develop from _____ buds, are slender and spirally coiled
axillary
148
Stem tendrils help plants to climb such as in gourds, ____ and grapevines
cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon
149
Axillary buds of stems may also get modified into woody, straight and pointed _____
thorns
150
Thorns are found in many plants such as _____, ______
Citrus, Bougainvillea
151
Underground stems of some plants such as ____ and ____, etc., spread to new niches and when older parts die new plants are formed
grass, strawberry
152
In plants like ___ and ____ a slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground
mint, jasmine
153
In banana, ____ and ____, the lateral branchesoriginate from the basal and underground portion of the main stem
pineapple, Chrysanthemum
154
In banana, pineapple and chrysanthemum, the lateral branches grow _____ beneath the soil and then come out _____ upwards giving rise to leafy shoots
horizontally, obliquely
155
The leaf is a lateral, generally _____ structure borne on the stem
flattened
156
The leaf develops at the ____ and bears a ____ in its axil
node, bud
157
The axillary bud of leaf later develops into a ____
branch
158
Leaf originate from shoot apical meristems are arranged in an ____ order
acropetal
159
Leaf are the most important vegetative organs for _____
photosynthesis
160
A typical leaf consists of three main parts: leaf base, ___ and ____
petiole, lamina
161
In _____, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly
monocotyledons
162
The ___ help hold the blade to light
petiole
163
Long thin flexible petioles allow leaf blades to ____ in wind, thereby ___ the leaf and bringing fresh air to leaf surface
flutter, cooling
164
In leaf, a middle prominent vein, which is known as the ____
midrib
165
Veins provide ___ to the leaf blade
rigidity
166
Veins act as _____ of transport for water, minerals and food materials
channels
167
The shape, ____, apex, _____ and extent of incision of lamina varies in diferent leaves
margin, surface
168
Leaves of ____ plants generally possess reticulate venation
dicotyledonous
169
Parallel venation is the characteristic of most ______
monocotyledons
170
A leaf is said to be simple, when its lamina is _____ ow when _____ the incisions do not touch the midrib
entire, incised
171
A bud is present in the axil of petiole in both ____ and _____ leaves
simple, compound
172
A bud is not present in the axil of ____ of the compound leaf
leaflets
173
In a ____ compound leaf a number of leaflets are present on the common axis, the rachis
pinnately
174
___ represents the midrib of the leaf as in neem
Rachis
175
In ____ compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at common point, i.e. at the tip of petiole
palmately
176
____ is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch
Phyllotaxy
177
Phyllotaxy is usually of three types - ___, opposite and _____
alternate, whorled
178
In _____ type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in an alternate manner
alternate
179
Alternate phyllotaxy is seen in
china rose, mustard and sunflower plants
180
In _____ type of phyllotaxy, a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite to each other
opposite
181
If more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl, it is called ______
whorled
182
In some plants such as ______, the leaves are small and short lived
Australian acacia
183
The _____ in Australian acacia plants expand, become green and synthesise food
petioles
184
Leaves of certain insectivorous plants such as ____ plant, _____ are also modified leaves
pitcher, venus - fly trap
185
A ____ is a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem
flower
186
For a flower to form, ____ do not elongate and the ___ gets condensed
internodes, axis
187
The apex produces different kinds of _____ laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves
floral appendages
188
The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as _____
inflorescence
189
In racemose type of inflorescence, the flowers are borne laterally in an _____ succession
acropetal
190
In cymose type of inflorescence, flowers are borne in a ____ order
basipetal
191
A typical flower has _____ different kinds of whorls arranged successively
four
192
Name four whorls of flower
Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
193
_____ and ______ are accesory organs of flowers
Calyx, corolla
194
____ and _____ are reproductive organs of flower
Androecium, gynoecium
195
In some flowers like lily, the calyx and corolla are not distinct and are termed as ____
perianth
196
Actinomorphic flowers have ____ symmetry
radial
197
Zygomorphic flowers have ____ symmetry
bilateral
198
When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be ________
actinomorphic
199
When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is ____
zygomorphic
200
Give an example of asymmetric flower
Canna
201
A flower may be _____, _____ or pentamerous when floral appendages are in multiple of 3, 4 or 5 respectively
trimerous, tetramerous
202
Based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary on thalamus, the flowers are described as _____, _____ and epigynous
hypogynous, perigynous
203
The ovary in ____ flower is said to be superior
hypogynous
204
Give examples of hypogynous flower
mustard, china rose and brinjal
205
The ovary in _____ flower is said to be inferior
Epigynous
206
Give examples of perigynous flower
plum, rose, peach
207
The ____ is the outermost whorl of the flower
calyx
208
The members of calyx are called _____
sepals
209
Generally, sepals are green leaf like and protects the ___ in the bud stage
flower
210
Corolla is composed of ___
petals
211
Petals are usually brightly coloured to attract ____ for pollination
insects
212
Corolla is called _____ when petals are free
polypetalous
