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Morphology Of Flowering Plants Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Tap root

A

Forms primary root
Dicot
Mustard

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2
Q

Fibrous root

A

Wheat

Monocot

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3
Q

Adventitious root

A

Grass
Monstera
Banyan tree

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4
Q

Modification of tap root for storage

1 fusiform spindle root
2 conical roots
3. Napiform roots
4 tuberous roots
5 nodulated roots

Tap root for respiration

A
  1. Radish ( they are thicker in d middle)
    2carrot
    3 turnip, sugarbeet , beetroot (beta vulgaris)
    4 mirabilis
    5 papilionate subfam of leguminosae fam pea gram bean

Rhizopora ,heriteira( mangrove plants)

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5
Q

Modifications of adventitious roots

Fasciculated roots 
2. Beaded moniliform roots
3 tuberous adventitious roots
4 stilt prop roots
5 prop roots
6 climbing roots
7 foliar epiphulous roots
8 sucking roots parasitic roots 
9 annulated roots
A 
1. Asparagus dahlia
2 vitis( grapes) momordica(bitter gourd)
3  sweet potato ( ipomoea batatas)
4 maize sugarcane( supporting roots)
5 banyan (ficus bengalensis)
6 money plant( pothos) monstera black pepper
7 brophyllum 
8 cuscuta viscum densropthoe
9 ipecac( swelling occurs in a series of rings)
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6
Q

Stem

A

From the plumule

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7
Q

Forms of roots

Caudex/ columnar

A

Unbranched erect marked with scars of fallen leaves

Palm

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8
Q

Culm

A

Jointed stem with solid nodes and hollow internodes

Bamboo( graminae)

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9
Q

Sub aerial modifications of stem

1 runner

A

Cynodon doctylon( doob grass) oxalis

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10
Q

Subaerial modification of stem

2 stolon

A

Branches develop from lower part of the main stem and grow for some distance loke arch den tuch ground n make a new shoot

Fragaria ( wild strawberry) jasmine peppermint

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11
Q

Sub aerial modification of stem

Sucker

A

Main stem in d soil n branches come oit of the soil

Mint ,pineapple, chrysanthemum, banana

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12
Q

Sub aerial modification of stem

Offset

A

In aquatic plants . Internodes of offset are small and thicker and each nodes baer a rosette if leaves and tuft of roots
A.k.a aquatic runner

Pistia eicchornia.

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13
Q

Underground modification of stems

  1. Tuber
A

Potato

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14
Q

Underground modification of stems

2 rhizome

A

Nodes and small internodes are found covered by scaly leaves

Ginger , turmeric , canna, water lily, banana.

They grow horizontally in d soil

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15
Q

Underground modification of stem

  1. Corm
A

Colocasia , zaminkand, saffron , colchicum

Condensed and grow vertically in d soil

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16
Q

Underground modification of stem

  1. Bulb
A

Onion garlic. Fleshy peaves store food.

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17
Q

Main stem of banana

A

Rhizome.

And modification is sucker.

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18
Q

Aerial modification of stem

  1. Stem tendril
A

Grapes / grapes vine

Gourds( cucumber , pumpkin , watermelon)

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19
Q

Aerial modification if stem

  1. Stem thorn
A

Bouganvillea, citrus, pomegranate

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20
Q

Aerial modification of stem

3 phylloclade

A

Opuntia (fleshy flat)

Fleshy cylindrical(. Euphorbia) 
Cactus
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21
Q

Leaf base
Hypopodium

Sheathing leaf
Pulvinus leaf

A

In monocots

In legumes plants

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22
Q

Stipulate leaf

A

Fabaecea

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23
Q

Ex stipulate leaf

A

Solanceae

Liliaceae

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24
Q

Reticulate venation

A

In dicots.

Exception calophyllum

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25
Parallel venation
Monocots Exception Smilax
26
Modification of leaves Leaf tendril
Lathyrus aphaca( wild pea)
27
Modification of leaves 2. Leaf spine
Opuntia, cacti
28
Modification of leaves. Leaf pitcher
Nepethes | Dischidia
29
Modification of leaves | 4. Leaf bladder
Utricularia( bladder wort)
30
Modification of leaves 5 phyllode
Periole becomes flat and function as. Normal leaf Australian acacia Parkisonia
31
Modification of leaves 6. Leaflet tendril
``` Pisum sativum( garden pea) Lathyrus odoratus( sweet pea) ```
32
Modification of leaves 7 leaflet hook
Cats nail( bigonia unguis cati)
33
Pinnately compound leaf
Neem
34
Palmately compound leaf
Silkcottom ( bombax)
35
Phyllotaxy Alternate
Mustard chinarose sunflower
36
Phyllotaxy Opposite
Guava Calotropis Ocimum
37
Phyllotaxy Whorled
Alstonia( devil tree)
38
Raceme Compound raceme/ raceme or racemes or panicle
1. Radish, mustard | 2. Gulmohar neem
39
Spike Spike of spikelets
Flowers are sessile( without pedicel) Grass fam ( graminae =poaceae) eg of spikes of spikeltes
40
Catkin / amentum
Flower are sessile, unisexual , thin and long pedicel Eg : mulberry Bhojpatra ( betula)
41
Spadix
Peduncle thick long and fleshy Sessile flowers and unisexual Colourful bracts( spathe) or green large Eg colocasia,maize,palms. Grain if maize is a fruit( caryopsis)
42
Corymb 2. Compound corymb / corymb ir corymbs
Peduncle shirt, slowers at the same level Chandni, capsella=candytuft 2. Cauliflower , pyrus malus
43
Umbel Compund umbel / umbel if umbels
Pedicel arise from the same point and has same level of flowers. Whorl of bracts present at the stalk of flower den it is called as involucre( centella ( brahmi) 2. Coriandrum Foeniculum Cuminum Umbelliferae id apiaceae fam
44
Capitulum/ racemose head( anthodium)
Compositae/ asteraceae fam | sunflower, zinnia, marigold
45
Racemose
Acropetal succession
46
Cymose
Basipetal succession
47
Cymose
``` Bouganvillae Jasmine Teak Calotropis ( madar) Asclepias ```
48
Cyathium inflorescences
Cup shaped structure Euphorbiacea fam Ratio of female to male :1 : many
49
Verticillaster inflorescence
Leaves on opposite side of stem from that flowers come out. Dichasial cyme changes into monochasial (scorpoid) cyme. Eg : labiate/ lamiaceae fam: salvia, ocimum( tulsi) , coelus
50
Hypanthodium
Peduncle in shape of pear Eg ficus species: banyan , fig, peepal
51
Cyathium and hypanthodium inflorescence are similar in
Having unisexual flowers
52
Mixed infloresence
Banana, grapes
53
Dicots flowers are
Pentamerous
54
Monocots flowers are
Trimerous
55
Actinomorphic/radial/regular
Mustard datura chilli
56
Zygomorphic/bilateral
Flower divided into two equal halves by any one particular vertical plane Eg : pea bean gulmohar cassia
57
Asymmetric / irregular
Canna
58
Hypogynous flower
Ovary superior Eg : mustard , china rose , brinjal, mango
59
Perigynous flower
Ovary is half inferior Eg rose plum peach
60
Epigynous flower
Ovary is in inferior Eg: guava , apple, cucumber and the rayflorets of sunflower
61
Involucre
Whorl of bracts
62
Spathe
Large bract which completely encloses whole inflorescence Eg banana maize
63
Petaloid bract
Size of a bract greater than size of flower n of various colours loke petals Eg bouganvillae
64
Glumes
Small dry scaly bracts Eg: wheat grass ( graminea fam)
65
Polysepalous
Sepals are free Eg mustard radish
66
Gamosepalous
Cotton datura brinjal
67
Calyx of mussaenda
One sepal enlarges and become colourful to attract insects
68
Trapa of calyx
Modified into spine
69
Calyx of compositae( family if sunflower)
Hairy like structure called pappus | Pappus helps in dispersal of fruit by parachute mechanism
70
Persistant sepal
Brinjal tomato cotton datura chilli
71
Actinomorphic polypetalos corolla 1. Cruciform
4 petals. Arranges crosswise . Upper narrow part called as CLAW. Upper broad part called as LIMB. Eg: radish mustard ( cruciferae)
72
Actinomorphic gamopetalous corolla 1 campanulate/bell shaped 2 tubular 3 funnel shapped/ infundibulum 4. Wheel shaped/ rotate
1. 5 fussed petals. Eg rasberry tobacco 2. 5 fused petals eg disc florets of sunflower 3. 5 fused petals eg datura, petunia 4. 5 fused petals arranged above the tube eg: brinjal
73
Zygomorphic polypetalous corolla 1. Papilionaceous ( butter fly shaped corolla)
Posterior part largest k.a standard or vexillum Vexillum covers two lateral petal k.a WINGSOR ALAE Anteior united to form keel or karina Eg papilionate( pea gram bean)
74
Zygomorphic gamopetalous corolla 1. Bilabiate 2. Ligulate
1. Petals divided to form two lips place between lips is called corolla mouth eg ocimum( tulsi and labiate family - salvia) 2 upper long part of corolla long flattened tomgue like with short narrow tube eg: ray florets of sunflower
75
Aestivation 1. Valvate
Petals touches each other without overlapping Eg calatropis family Cruciferae family Solanceae Liliacea
76
Twisted
One margin covered by another petal and so on | Eg cotton ladyfinger. China rose malvaceae family
77
Imbricate
Both marginf of one petal covered by one one margins of two petal or Sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction Eg cassia gulmohar( delonix regia) Ascending imbricate: posterior petal is innermost i.e its both margin are overlapped Eg caesalpinoidae sub fam of leguminose
78
Vexillary or descending imbricate or papilionaceous
Posterior petal is outermost and largest Eg pea bean ( papilionatea sub fam of leguminosae family)
79
Quincuncial aestivation
5 petals 2 are completely internal twi are completely external and in remaining petal one margin is internal and the other is external Eg murraya
80
Polyandrous condition
Stamens of androecium are free from one another
81
Cohesion of stamens Adelphy 1. Monoadelphous 2. Diadelphous 3. Polyadelphous
When stamens are united by their filaments then it is called as adelphy. 1. Filaments in one single bundle eg china rose( malvaceae family) 2. Filaments into two bundles eg pea( papilionate) 3. Filaments into more than two bundles eg citrus
82
Cohesion of stamens. 2. Syngenesious
Anthers are united in bundles but filaments free | Eg compositae family
83
Syandrous
Anther and filaments bith united eg colocasia cucurbitae family
84
Adhesion of stamens Epipetalous Epiphyllous or epitepalous Gynandrous
1. Stamens are attached to petals eg brinjal 2. Stamens attached to tepals eg lily onion ( liliciae) 3. Gynandrous stamens or only anthers attached to gynoecium eg calotropis
85
Apocarpous condition
When all carpels in multicarpellary are free . | Eg lotus rose
86
Syncarpous
All carpels are fused | Eg papaver hibiscus mustard tomato
87
Placentation
Ovules arranged on ovary wall on one or more cusion like straucture called placenta. The manner in which placenta or ovules are arranged on ovary wall in known as placentation or arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as placentation
88
Marginal placentation
1. In monocarpellary gynoecium 2 placenta forms a ridge along ventral suture if ovary and ovules borne on it 3. Eg pea( leguminose family)
89
Axile
1. In syncarpous gynoecium 2. Ovary multilocular ovules borne on central axis 3. Number of chambers= no of carpels fused 4. China rose lemon tomato
90
Parietal placentation
Unilocular syncarpous ovary Ovules develop on the inmer wall. Of ovary Eg mustard argemone In some plants ovary is one chambered but becomes two chambered due to formation of false septum Eg cruciferae family( mustard) argemone
91
Free central placentation
Syncarpous gynoecium Ovary is unilocular ( septa absent) Ovules borne on central axis Eg primrose dianthus
92
Basal placentation
Ovary unilocular Single ovule attached at d base of ovary . Eg marigold sunflower ASTERACEAE / compositae family/ graminae poaceae family
93
Superficial placentation
Multicarpellary syncarpous multilocular gymoecium Ovules attached on entire surface Eg water lily

Botany (1 decks)

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