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Human Biology > Morphology of Humans 2 > Flashcards

Morphology of Humans 2 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Interoreceptors

A

Monitor internal environment

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2
Q

Externoreceptors

A

Monitor external environment

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3
Q

External ear

A

gathers sound towards middle ear

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4
Q

middle ear

A

conducts sound waves to inner ear

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5
Q

inner ear

A

transforms vibrational waves into electrical impulses

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6
Q

Stages of hearing (5)

A

1.) sound wave enters ear, 2.) conduction of sound waves to the inner ear, 3.) vibrational wave stimulate organ of corti hair cells, 4-5.) vibrational waves dissipate at the round window

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7
Q

three layers of eye

A

sclera, blood vessels, retina

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8
Q

sclera

A

whites of eye

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9
Q

retina (2)

A

photoreceptor and optic nerve

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10
Q

cornea (2)

A

clear part of eye, 80% focusing

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11
Q

pupil

A

opening of eye

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12
Q

iris

A

pigmented layer behind cornea

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13
Q

lens (2)

A

clear and flexible protein, 20% of focusing

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14
Q

Pupil dilated

A

lens thin

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15
Q

pupil constricted

A

lens thick

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16
Q

rods (2)

A

black and white vision, most common in peripheral field of vision

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17
Q

cones (2)

A

color vision, most common in central field of vision

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18
Q

leverage system parts (3)

A

resistance, fulcrum, applied energy

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19
Q

resistance

A

force that must be overcome for movement

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20
Q

fulcrum

A

joint between bones

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21
Q

applied energy

A

muscular force applied on leverage to overcome resistance

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22
Q

axial skeleton (4)

A

skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

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23
Q

appendicular skeleton (2)

A

bones that form joints connecting the bones to the axial skeleton and bones of each limb.

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24
Q

epiphysis (2)

A

ends of long bone the form joints with other bones, spongy bone

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25
spongy bone (2)
located in epiphysis, blood cell formation in red marrow
26
Diaphysis (2)
shaft of long bones. has medullary cavity for fat storage in yellow marrow
27
periosteum (2)
connect tissue that surrounds bone tissue, attachment of tendons
28
osteon
microscopic unit of bone
29
osteoblasts
build bone
30
osteoclasts
breakdown bone
31
osteocytes
mature bone cells
32
origin
attachment is stationary
33
belly
thickens as muscle contracts and shortens
34
tendons
connective tissue attachment to origin and insertion
35
Myofibril (3)
Made up of sarcomeres. Sarcomere have thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filament.
36
Functions of skeletomuscular system
1.) movement, 2.) protect organs, 3.) internal heat production, 4.) posture, 5.) blood cells synthesis, 6.) stores and releases minerals
37
Parts of CVS (3)
heart, vessels, blood
38
Chambers of heart (4)
left and right atria, left and right ventricles
39
connective vessels of heart (4)
aorta, vena cava, pulmonary veins, pulmonary trunk
40
arteries (3)
carry blood away from heart. small diameter high pressure
41
capillaries
exchange (oxygen)
42
veins (3)
carry blood toward the heart, large diameter low pressure
43
composition of blood (4)
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
44
functions of CVS (6)
1.) nutrient transport and exchange, 2.) transport of gases, 3.) transport of vitamins, 4.) heat exchange, 5.) engorgement of penis
45
upper respiratory tract (3)
nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx
46
lower respiratory tract (5)
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
47
structure of pulmonary circuit (3)
pulmonary arteries, capillaries and veins
48
function of pulmonary circuit
deliver blood from heart to longs for external gas exchange
49
organization of muscles (5)
whole muscle, skeletal muscle cell (myofiber), myofibril, sarcomere (actin and myosin)
50
systemic circulation
arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart
51
pulmonary circulation
arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart and veins carry oxygenated blood towards the heart
52
GIT tube (8)
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
53
Accessory organs of digestive system (4)
salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
54
cross section of GIT (6)
mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle layer, serosa, blood supply, enteric nervous system
55
mucosa (GIT) (2)
innermost lining, cells that produce mucus
56
serosa (GIT)
connective tissue that contains GIT tube
57
enteric nervous system (GIT) (2)
nervous system associated with digestive system, connects to the CNS
58
esophageal sphincter
prevents back flow of acid
59
pyloric sphincter
controls flow into small intestine
60
anatomy of small intestine (6)
duodenum, jejunum, illeum, pyloric sphincter, illeocecal valve
61
cross section of small intestine (4)
intestinal glands, vili, microvili, hepatic portal vein
62
anatomy of large intestine (8)
cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
63
major salivary glands (3)
parotid, sublingual, submanidbular
64
bile (3)
made in liver and stored in gall bladder, emulsifies fat
65
islets of langerhans (2)
in pancreas, produces insulin and glucagon
66
gross anatomy of urinary system (5)
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, blood supply
67
anatomy of the kidney (4)
cortex, medulla, minor and major calyxes (collect urine and meet at ureter), renal pelvis
68
microscopic anatomy of a nephron (9)
glomerular capsule, nephron tubule (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule), collecting duct, capillaries (glomerulus and peritubular capillaries)
69
hypothalamus (2)
assesses drives like hunger and thirst and communicates with pituitary gland
70
pituitary gland
master gland
71
anterior pituitary (2)
receives hormones from brain, 6 hormones
72
posterior pituitary 2
neural connection, 2 hormones
73
adrenal glands 2
adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
74
endometrium 2
inner layer of uterus, where embryo implants
75
myometrium 2
outer layer of uterus, muscle contractions for childbirth
76
erectile tissue 4
corpora cavernosa, corpora spongiosum, glans penis, clitoris

Human Biology (5 decks)

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