morphology terms Flashcards
(36 cards)
elision
it’s the dropping of some sounds
or it’s the phoneme that is realized as zero or deleted.
ex: the weak vowel is deleted in ( potato )
linking
when a word that ends with a consonant is followed by a word that starts with a vowel, this last consonant is pronounced as if it was a part of the second word.
ex: for / egz.
intrusive / r /
it’s the / r / that is placed is a position where it’s not needed ( there is no justification for its usage ).
endocentric compounds
they are the compounds which meaning is obvious.
ex: cave man.
exocentric compounds
they are the compounds which meaning is not obvious.
ex: sugar daddy.
synonymy
they are the words that have the same meaning in some contexts, but have different meaning in others.
ex: profound and deep.
antonomy
they are the words that are opposites in some things, but are not opposites in other things.
ex: boy and girl are opposite in gender, but they are both humans.
polysemy
it’s one word that has two different meanings
ex: bank can carry the meaning of ( the edge of the river ) and ( a financial institution ).
homophony
they are two different words with the same pronunciation.
ex: flower and flour.
hyponomy
it’s one general item and its examples, or classes.
ex: ( red, blue, and green ) are hyponomies of the general item ( color ).
collocations
it’s the association of two lexical items together ( they are two words that always come together )
ex: fish and chips
paraphrase
A) the officer caught the thief.
B) the thief was caught by the officer.
here, A and B have a mutual relationship ( if A is correct,then B must be correct and vice versa.
entailment
A) the guard shot the lion.
B) the lion is dead.
here, A and B don’t have a mutual relationship ( if A is correct, then B must be correct. But if B is correct, it doesn’t mean that A must be correct.
contradiction
A) he is single.
B) he is married.
here, if A is true, then B must be false.
connotation
the meanings associated with a word.
ex: ( boredom, teachers, and homework ) are connotations of the word ( school ).
* they can also be feelings, smells, etc……*
* they differ from a person to another, and from a culture to another*
denotations
the exact dictionary meaning of a word
ex: ( school ): a place where we can learn.
intension
it’s the general meaning of a word
ex: ( woman ): a female human being.
extension
some specific examples of the meaning of a word
ex: ( woman ): heba, hoda, basma.
componential analysis ( semantic decomposition )
we understand the meaning of a word through analyzing its meaning.
ex: + and -
* it’s like giving hints*
fuzzy concepts
they are the concepts that have no clear-cut meaning
ex: beautiful and rich.
metaphor
understanding one concept in terms of another concept
ex: we understand the concept of beauty through the concept of moon.
( byakol zy el ba8l )
spatial metaphor
ex: my head is up
ex: i feel down
time metaphor
ex: you’re wasting my time
semantic ambiguity
a word can refer to two meanings
ex: the judge sentenced the thief to two years in prison because he was cautious.
* he can refer to both the judge and the thief *
