Mosier Test 1

Question 1

The blood Brain barrier is created by?

Answer 1

Astrocytes

Question 2

The blood brain barrier allows passage of?

Answer 2

Small lipophilic molecules such as Scopalamine. Prevents passage of large charged molecules, such as glycopyrolate

Question 3

Myelin is produced by? Where?

Answer 3

Schwann cells.

In the PNS

Question 4

MS is a demyelinating disease in the PNS or CNS

Answer 4

CNS. Slows conduction among the demyelinated nerves

Question 5

What are the three main components of the CNS

Answer 5

Blood- 5-10%

Brain

CSF 10-15%

Question 6

Afferent impulses travel where?

Answer 6

Toward the brain

Question 7

Efferent impulses travel where?

Answer 7

Away from the brain

Question 8

What is the function of the Thalamus?

Answer 8

Processing center for sensory information

Question 9

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Answer 9

Is the Captain of the autonomic nervous system

Question 10

Brainstem controls?

Answer 10

Respiration and cardiovascular function

Question 11

What are the different Meninges layers?

Answer 11

Pia Mater- Adheres to the brain

Arachnoid Mater- middle layer and contains CSF

Dura Mater- outer layer- 2 layers- form the venous sinuses.

Question 12

Where is an epidural Hematoma located and what kind of bleed?

Answer 12

Between the skull and dura mater. Primarily arterial bleed - Meningeal

Question 13

Where is a Subdural Hematoma and what kind of bleed?

Answer 13

Between the dura and subarachnoid space. Venous bleed- bridging veins

Question 14

Where is a subarachnoid Hematoma and what kind of bleed?

Answer 14

between subarachnoid membrane and Pia mater. Aneurysm.

Question 15

Where is cerebral spinal fluid created? What is its function? Absorbed where?

Answer 15

Choroid Plexus

Surrounds and cushion the CNS.

Absorbed via venous sinuses

Question 16

Cranial Nerve 7. What is it and what does it innervate? When is it monitored most (Surgery)

Answer 16

Facial Nerve

Innervates muscles of expression, Obicularis Occuli,

Parotid Surgery

Question 17

Cranial Nerve 9? What is it and what does it innervate?

Answer 17

Glossopharyngeal. Innervates Baroreceptors of the Carotid Sinus and posterior oral mucosa (gag reflex) and some of the muscles of the pharynx (swallowing)

Question 18

What is Cranial Nerve 10? What does stimulation of the cardiac branches of the Vagus nerve cause? What does stimulation of the pulmonary branches of the Vagal nerve cause?

Answer 18

Vagus Nerve.

Bradycardia

Bronchoconstriction

Question 19

Superior Laryngeal Nerve is a branch of what? what does it innervate and what are the symptoms if it is damaged?

Answer 19

Branch of the Vagus nerve.

Innervates the Cricothyroid muscle.

Can be damaged during thyroid surgery.

Results in abnormal voice

Question 20

The Crycothyroid muscle is the only __________ muscle

Answer 20

adductor

Question 21

The RLN is a branch of what? What does it innervate? What can B/l RLN damage cause.

Answer 21

branch of the Vagus nerve.

Innervates the abductor muscles of the vocal cords.

B/L damage of the RLN can cause an airway emergency.

Can also be damaged during thyroid surgery

Question 22

Oligodendocytes produce the myelin sheath around the axons in what?

Answer 22

CNS

Question 23

The Nuerolemma does what?

Answer 23

Allows for potential regeneration of damaged axons in the PNS

Question 24

What are Glioblastomas?

Answer 24

Very aggressive tumors neuroglia in the CNS

Question 25

What does damage to the frontal lobe of the brain cause?

Answer 25

Behavioral changes

Question 26

The occipital lobe is considered the _________ center of the brain.

Answer 26

Visual

Question 27

The Cerebellum is responsible for ________ and ________ motor control

Answer 27

coordination; fine

Question 28

Arterial supply of the brain comes from the __________ and _________ arteries

Answer 28

b/l Carotid and Vertebral arteries

Question 29

The carotid and vertebral arteries feed into the _________ ___ ______

Answer 29

Circle of Willis

Question 30

The carotid arteries branch to form the _________ and __________ arteries

Answer 30

middle and anterior cerebral arteries

Question 31

Right carotid artery arises from the __________ artery. Both vertebral arteries arise from the __________artery

Answer 31

innominate; subclavian

Question 32

Solid spinal chord ends at the _________ __________ around the level of ________ in adults. Conus Medularis is tethered to the coccyx by the _________ _________

Answer 32

Conus Medularis; L1/L2;Filum Terminale

Question 33

Cauda Equina consists of the spinal nerve pairs from _______, the _______ nerve ,and the _________ nerve

Answer 33

L2-L5; sacral; coccygeal

Question 34

The conus medularis does not remain at the the level of L1-L2 from the first trimester of life throughout adulthood. It stay down in the ________ in early life

Answer 34

Sacrum

Question 35

Internueron cell bodies are located in the ________ ______ of the Spine and connect the _________ and ________ neurons and are responsible for _________ movements to stimuli

Answer 35

Dorsal Horn; sensory and motor; reflex

Question 36

The ventral roots are the ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots _________ fibers

Answer 36

motor; sensory

Question 37

Cervical Spinal Nerves 1-7 exit from ________ there respected vertebral bodies. Cervical spinal nerve 8 exits from _______ c-7. The remaining spinal nerves emerge from the spinal chord _______ the same number vertebral body

Answer 37

above; below; below

Question 38

Dermatones Levels T6 T4 T10

Answer 38

T6 Level of the Xyphoid process T4 Level of the Nipples T10 Level of the Belly Button

Question 39

The Phrenic Nerve is located at C_ through C_ and is the sole ________ supply of the diaphragm. B/l Phrenic nerve injury will lead to _________ failure. Phrenic nerve is frequently blocked during an ___________ block.

Answer 39

C3 thru C5; motor; respiratory; interscalene

Question 40

The anterior spinal artery arises from the _________ arteries and extends to the _________ __________

Answer 40

vertebral; conus medularis

Question 41

Posterior spinal artery arises from the _________ arteries and extends to the _________ _________

Answer 41

vertebral; conus medularis

Question 42

Brachial Plexus injuries can arise from improper placement of the _____

Answer 42

arms.

Question 43

The _______ nerve can be damaged from improper positions of the arm. _________ arms must have ________ hands

Answer 43

ulner; abducted; supinated

Question 44

________ ________ nerve can be damaged from improper positioning of the leg during surgery.

Answer 44

Common Peroneal

Question 45

The _________ nerve provides sensory innervation to the __________ thigh and provides ________ innervation to the _________ muscles

Answer 45

femoral; anterior; quadriceps

Question 46

Motor Innervation to the leg below the knee is provided by the _________ nerve

Answer 46

Sciatic

Question 47

The _________ spinal tract carries sensory impulses to the brain and have _________ order neurons that originate in the periphery and terminate in the spinal chord. Second order neurons will ________ in the spinal chord and terminate in the __________. Third order ________ in the thalamus to the _________ ______

Answer 47

Ascending; first; ascend, thalamus; ascend; cerebral cortex

Question 48

Descending spinal tracts carry sensory information ______ from the brain. Upper motor neurons originate in the brain and terminate in the spinal chord and Have _______ motor neuron that originate in the _______ ______ and terminate in the lower ______ _______ ______

Answer 48

away; Spinal Chord; Neuro motor junction

Question 49

Baroreceptors are a type of ________ receptor Nocioceptors detect ________ and ________ to tissue and are _________ or _________.

Answer 49

Mechanical Pain and damage to tissue Physical or chemical