MOSQ

Question 1

Name the four ways pesticides can be grouped

Answer 1

1. Target organism
2. Mechanism of action
3. Inherent properties
4. Chemical family

Question 2

What are three “inherent properties” of pesticides?

Answer 2

1. Route of entry
2. Selectivity
3. Residual effectivity

Question 3

What are different ways pesticides affect mosquitos and biting flies?

Answer 3

1. Growth regulators (chitin, juvenile hormones)
2. Asphyxicants
3. Repellents
4. Toxicants

Question 4

Describe how selectivity affects pesticide grouping?

Answer 4

May mean whether insecticide is selective for one group or broad-spectrum

Question 5

Describe how residual effectiveness is used to group pesticides. List four types of effects that help organize this inherent property group

Answer 5

This refers to the ability of a pesticide to remain effective after treatment. This includes growth regulators, asphyxicants, repellents, toxicants

Question 6

Grouping by chemical family is indicated on the pesticide label. List the name of six of the families in ch1 and give specific insecticide as an example of each

Answer 6

Carbamates (Group 1A): Ex. Propoxur
Organophosphates (Group 1B): Ex. malathion
Pyrethroid (Group 3): Ex. permethrin
Juvenile hormone mimics (Group 7): Ex. methoprene
Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (Group 15): Ex. diflubenzuron
Bacillus microbes (Group 11): Ex. Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 7

What agencies are responsible for developing nuisance mosquito control programs?

Answer 7

Federal, provincial, municipal govt

Question 8

which Act prohibits the deposition of deleterious substances into fish bearing waters/disruption of fish habitat?

Answer 8

The Fisheries Act

Question 9

If the alteration of mosquito development sites affects fish habitat, what must the control program entail?

Answer 9

Consulting both provincial and federal fisheries and wildlife officials

Question 10

Cholinesterase inhibition is performed by what pesticides?

Answer 10

Organophosphates and carbamates

Question 11

Can human health be impacted by handling pesticides?

Answer 11

Yes. Must be in good health to handle em

Question 12

What is cholinesterase inhibition?

Answer 12

Affects nervous system of most animals -prevent breakdown of acetylcholine. Symptoms can vary and include twitching and headaches.

Question 13

When would symptoms of acute cholinesterase poisoning be apparent?

Answer 13

within 12 hrs

Question 14

Which two pesticide families may cause cholinesterase inhibition?

Answer 14

Carbamates and organophosphates

Question 15

What s a cholinesterase test? How often should an applicator have one?

Answer 15

A test to determine circulating acteylcholinesterase enzyme. Should be performed once before the season (before exposure) and several times during

Question 16

What is the main risk to human health from insects? Give an example?

Answer 16

Primary risk is disease transmission (ex. in MB, West Nile virus)

Question 17

What precuations should be taken to lower risk of bystander exposure to pesticides used in a mosquito control program?

Answer 17

notify public, perform applications when there is low human activity, prevent direct contact

Question 18

Is larviciding program low or high risk to bystander exposure?

Answer 18

Low, unless people are drinking the water

Question 19

Name some of the precautions residents should be advised of before a wide scale ULV adulticiding program is initiated?

Answer 19

Close windows
- Bring small toys/laundry indoors
- Cover outdoor furniture/play equipment
- Cover wading/swimming pools
- Bring pet food/containers indoors
Cover fish ponds
Turn of air conditioning/close external vents

Question 20

What precautions are necessary for residents to take DURING ULV application?

Answer 20

Stay indoors, keep children/pets indoors
If one comes into contact with adulticide, wash with soap and water and rinse eyes with water/saline eye drops. Change clothing. Call poison control if there are adverse health risks

Question 21

What should residents be told to do AFTER ULV application?

Answer 21

• Allowing adulticide mist to settle before reopening doors/windows
  
  • Minimizing contact with outdoor surfaces until pesticide has dried
  • Rinse off outdoor furniture/play equipment after
    Rinse garden fruits/veggies

Question 22

What type of adulticide reduces bystander exposure risk?

Answer 22

using residual application

Question 23

What does a restricted entry level (REI) refer to? Where do you find this info?

Answer 23

REI is time required to pass before reentry to area treated w pesticide is allowed. This is found on the pesticide label

Question 24

Name some areas that need to be protected from a larvicidal mosquito control program. Why?

Answer 24

• Back channels of streams/rivers used for fish rearing
  
  • Weedy shorelines of lakes (essential areas for nesting waterfowl)
    Drainage ditches connected to fish bearing waters/potable water sources
    Larvae may be used as a food source for other aquatic invertebrates, fish, and other animals

Question 25

We know a pesticide s register for a specific use because it has a pest control product number issued by whom? What info can you find on this label?

Answer 25

Issued by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA). Organized info about pesticide, including registration, specific uses of product, application methods, targeted species, chemical group, active ingedient, common names, and toxicity info

Question 26

Why is it important to follow the recommendations listed on a pesticide product label?

Answer 26

There can be serious consequences if misused - it's illegal and it may harm wilflife or humans.

Question 27

Give examples of environmental areas which are deemed sensitive

Answer 27

Parks, wildlife reserves, apiaries, water bodies consumed by humans, public swimming areas

Question 28

What are the three main body portions of an insect?

Answer 28

Head, thorax abdomen

Question 29

What are the four distinct phases of a complete metamorphosis life cycle?

Answer 29

1. Egg 2. Larva 3. Pupa 4. Adult

Question 30

what are some things that are generally true for all biting flies

Answer 30

Eat blood, usually only female collects it. Single pair of membranous wings, well developed compound eyes. Females adapted for piercing or slicing skin, then sucking blood.

Question 31

Name three sites where mosquito larvae can usually be found

Answer 31

ditches, marshes, puddles, rain barrels, snow melt ponds, floodwater pools, artifical ponds (ex. lagoons), hoof/foot prints, stagnant water

Question 32

Name three species of mosquito and describe two characteristics of each

Answer 32

Aedes vexans - Continues to be active in august and sometimes september. Larvae are found in grassy and marshy habitats Culex tarsalis - Can be come active in April/May, PRimary transmitter of west nile virus and western equine encephalitis Culex pipiens - primary vector of WNV - referred to as "house mosquito" Culex restauns - USually not attracted to humans/ May transmit Eastern equine encaphilitis virus Culiseta inornata - Larvae appear in early season in many habitats, may have several generations per year. More active in cooler weather

Question 33

Name three categories that standing bodies of water can be classified in relation to mosquito control. Explain how this is helpful to know when implementing larviciding

Answer 33

1. temporary pools - periodic drying and reflooding within a season (Mosquitos require short life cycle) 2. semi permanent pools - snow melt pools, seldom completely dry. 3. permanent pools - remain for many years (Mosquitos usually have to be laid on water surface) exist to establish priority level for treatment

Question 34

What type of environmental conditions affect the life cycle of mosquitos?

Answer 34

Moisture (ex more snow = more mosquitos), humidity (desiccation), temperature, wind conditions (facilitate swarming reproduction)

Question 35

What does "IPM" stand for?

Answer 35

Integrated pest management

Question 36

Name two elements of an IPM strategy for mosquitos

Answer 36

- preventing biting fly from becoming a pest problem by planning/managing ecosystems - Identifying the biting fly, identifying beneficial species that are present in the same area - Monitoring the pest and beneficial species populations, pest damage, environmental conditions - Using injury and action threshholds to determine when to start treatment - Using treatments that include a combination of methods (cultural, biological, physical, mechanical, behavioural, chemical) - Evaluating the effects/efficacy of IPM strategies

Question 37

Ina n IPM program, what actions can prevent mosquito pop'ns from growing to nuisance levels?

Answer 37

- exposuing ponds/pools to wind/wave action - eliminating temp pools of water - draining ditches more quickly - mowing ditches to remove excess vegetation (ensuring grass doesn't enter water) - constructing sewage lagoons, famr dugouts in such a way that they are unfavourable (ex. steeply sloped sides, gravel shores, aeration) - Draining unused pools - storing items that could fill with water - covering rain barrels with mesh screens - cleaning eavestroughs - draining/refilling birdbaths regularly - wearing light coloured clothing, wearing repellent - avoiding the outdoors are sunrise/sunset - installing screens on homes - vaccinating animals against mosquito borne disease

Question 38

What are common types of control methods for mosquitos?

Answer 38

cultural biological - biological treatment methods like bacteria that taget specific mosquitos physical/mechanical - electrocuting devices behavioural - pheremones to disrupt mating, or chemicals to attract pests chemical - pesticides

Question 39

What formulations are used when larviciding?

Answer 39

Liquids (cheaper) or granules (penetrate vegetative cover easily, do not drift much)

Question 40

name 3 different ways adulticides can be applied

Answer 40

Thermal fogging (cloud of spray droplets that penetrate vegetation. recomm. wind speed of 3-8km/hr), residual sprays (onto surfaces that mosquitos may rest - during peak mosquito times), ULV (kills flying mosquitos - don't need carrier liquid, produce mist)