Most common ... Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
most common cause of AS
A
bicuspid valve
calcification
(other: rheumatic, IE)
2
Q
most common cause of MS in US vs developing countries
A
US: endocarditis, calcification
dev: rheumatic fever
3
Q
most MIs occur when (intraop or post op)
A
< 48 hours post op
4
Q
HTN prevalence in US
A
30%
only 1/3 realize they have it
5
Q
95% HTN is (primary or secondary)
A
primary (unknown cause)
6
Q
most common cause of acute pericarditis
A
viral
7
Q
preferred anesthesia technique for pericardiocentesis
A
local anesthesia
8
Q
most common autosomal dominant cardiovascular disease and most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes
A
obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HOCM, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, idiopathic subaortic stenosis
9
Q
best treatment for stent thrombosis
A
PCI
10
Q
most common awareness time during CABG
A
- sternotomy (most)
2. rewarming
11
Q
most common complications of IABP
A
vascular injury
infection
thrombocytopenia
12
Q
most common cause of death in LVAD pt
A
sepsis/infection
13
Q
most common classification system used for AAA/TAA
A
Crawford
14
Q
most difficult Crawford stage to repair
A
2 and 3
15
Q
Crawford associated with most significant periop risk (paraplegia, renal failure post op)
A
Crawford 2
16
Q
most common cause of postop death in AAA rupture
A
MI
17
Q
most common cause of stroke post carotid
A
emboli
18
Q
most common complication of carotid angioplasty stenting
A
thromboembolic stroke (tx: TPA)
19
Q
most common cause of death in tumescent anesthesia
A
PE
20
Q
most common cause of periop allergic reaction
A
most to least (SAC-RV)
- succs
- atric
- cisatric
- roc
- vec
21
Q
most delicate part of the anesthesia machine
A
flowmeters - made of glass
22
Q
most common site of circuit disconnect (1st and 2nd)
A
- y-piece
2. CO2 canister
23
Q
most common cause of vaporizer leak
A
loose filler cap
24
Q
most common LOCATION (not cause) for leak to occur in low pressure
A
internal leak
25
most unstable halogenated anesthetic in presence of soda lime
sevo
26
most common source of preventable equipment related complications
circuit disconnection
27
most critical component of scavenger
Interface
- remove too much (too much negative pressure)
- remove too little (barotrauma)
28
main 2 factors that determine rate of passive diffusion
lipid solubility
conc gradient
29
the principle transport protein involved in the movement of drugs across biologic membranes (Nagelhout chart)
P-glycoproteins
30
most common complication while obtaining central line
dysrhythmia
31
most common cause of tachyarrhythmias
re-entry pathways
32
most common pre-excitation syndrome
WPW
33
most common tachydysrhythmia associated with WPW
AV nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT - can be orthodromic or antidromic)
34
most common and very flexible pacing mode
DDD
35
greatest risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on pacemaker function
electrocautery (coagulation > cutting; mono > bipolar or ultrasonic harmonic scalpel) and radiofrequency ablation
36
most common site of brain herniation
transtentoral at temporal UNCUS
37
most important risk factor for ischemic stroke
HTN
38
most common cause of SAH
aneurysm rupture
39
most significant source of morbidity and mortality in patient with SAH
cerebral vasospasm
| 4-9 days post SAH
40
most common eye complication
corneal abrasion
41
most common cause of vision loss
ION
42
adamkiewicz most commonly originates from
T11-12 (left side)
43
most common site of SCI
C7
44
major causes of morbidity and mortality post cervical/upper thoracic SCI lesions
1. ineffective alveolar ventilation
| 2. inability to clear secretions
45
85% of patients with SCI get autonomic hyperreflexia with injury above which level
above T6
46
most common cause of death in ALS
respiratory failure
47
most common cause of acute, generalized paralysis
Guillain-Barre
48
most common co-existing cardiovascular disease in scoliosis
-mitral valve prolapse
49
most common airway complication of RA
atlantoaxial subluxation and separation of altanto-odontoid articulation
50
most common side effect of neuraxial opioids
pruritic (trigeminal nucleus stimulation - not mast cell)
51
most common culprit for post-spinal bacterial meningitis
streptococcus viridians
52
greatest risk for pneumothorax with this block
supraclavicular
53
Of all lower extremity peripheral blocks which one has the highest rate of complications
psoas
54
major ICF ions
K Mg PO4
55
major ECF ions
Na Cl Ca HCO3
56
most common inherited disorder of platelet function
Von Willebrand Disease
57
highest risk for DIC (3)
- sepsis
- OB (preeclampsia, abruption, amnio fluid embolism)
- malignancy
58
most common infection of blood transfusion: (most to least)
CMV
CMV > B > C > HIV
59
most common cause of transfusion related mortality in united states (TRALI or TACO)
TRALI
60
highest risk DONORS of Blood (don't want to receive donation from these folks)
- multiparous women (highest risk)
- hx blood transfusion
- hx of organ transplant
61
most important determinant of GFR
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
62
most common cause of perioperative kidney injury
ischemia-reperfusion injury
63
most common cause of CKD (2)
1. diabetes
| 2. HTN
64
most common cause of death in CKD
CAD (assume all CKD patients have CAD)
65
most common event during dialysis
hypotension
66
leading cause of death in dialysis patient
infection
67
most common anesthetic approach for TURP
neuraxial (spinal - preferred) to T10
68
largest internal organ
liver
69
most common cause of viral hepatitis
hep A > B > C
70
most specific indicator of biliary obstruction
5'-Nucleotidase
71
most common cause of liver cancer and indication for liver transplantation
hepatitis
72
most common cause of SIADH
TBI
73
most common cause of DI
pit surgery
74
nearly all cases of acromegaly are cause by this
pituitary adenoma
75
most common cause of hyper and hypothyroidism
1. hyper - graves
| 2. hypo - hashimotos
76
most common time for thyroid storm to occur due to surgical stress in post op period
6-18 hours post op
77
most common signs of carcinoid syndrome
flushing
| diarrhea
78
leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality
prematurity
79
most common cause of maternal death
failure to successfully manage the airway
80
highest risk for teratogenesis
gestation days 13-60
81
most common critical pathology associated with healthy parturient
preeclampsia
82
most common congenital defect of esophagus
esophageal atresia
83
most common site of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Bochdalek (on left)
84
most common cyanotic heart anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot
85
most common congenital cardiac anomaly in infant and children
VSD
86
most common congenital cardiac defect in adults
bicuspid aortic valve
87
most common congenital defect of tricuspid valve
epstein's
88
most common chromosomal disorder
trisomy 21
89
(in trisomy 21) most common co-existing congenital heart dz
1. AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
| 2. VSD (2nd most common)
90
most common indication for liver transplant in child less than 2 years old
biliary atresia
91
most significant risk factor for developing cancer
old age
92
most common coexisting disease in elderly (and.. 4 most common of those)
cardiac disease
1. HTN
2. CAD
3. CHF
4. MI
93
most common cause of postop death in elderly population)
MI
94
most sensitive indicator of renal function and drug clearance in elderly
creatinine CLEARANCE (not serum creatinine by itself - which is a poor indicator dt low muscle mass)
95
most susceptible area of injury when exposed to ionizing radiation (in non-pregnant person vs non pregnant)
pregnant - fetus
| non-preg - eye, thyroid
96
most vulnerable part of ETT
cuff
97
most common cause of death with electroconvulsive therapy
MI and dysrhythmias
98
most common side effect of prophylactic antibiotics (including cephalosporins)
pseudomembranous colitis (aka C-diff)
99
most common test for TB
Mantoux text (skin test)
100
most abundant WBC type (60%)
neutrophils
101
most common culprit for periop allergic reaction
1. NMB (Succs most)
2. Latex
3. Antibiotics (beta lactams most)
102
most common side effect of Zofran
h/a
| diarrhea
103
greatest risk for Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome (BCIS) (which surgery?)
hip arthroplasty
104
most common cause of liver failure in U.S.
Tylenol
105
according to closed claims, most common cause of injury: top 4
1. regional
2. respiratory
3. cardiac
4. equipement
106
most common cause of equipment related morbidity and mortality
human error
107
most useful confirmation of pulmonary HTN (obesity lecture)
tricuspid regurgitation on TEE
108
most effective treatment for the reversal of obesity
bariatric surgery
109
most common injured peripheral nerve
ulnar
110
most common periop eye injury vs post op
intra - corneal abrasion
| post - ION
111
highest risk for ulnar injury when forearms are in this position
forearm pronation
112
most common cause of ION (2 intraop issues)
impaired perfusion
increased IOP
(these cause hypoperfusion and ischemia of optic nerve)
