Most Difficult To Memorise Flashcards
(47 cards)
How does the straight line graph equation equate to the equation for gibbs free energy?
What are the exceptions to orbital filling, and how do they fill?
Cr- 4s1 3d5
Cu- 4s1 3d10
More stable to have full or half full d orbital rather than 4s orbital
What is the purpose of a salt bridge
Allow ions to flow and balance charge
What are the products of craking alkenas for thermal craking
Mainly alkenes and shorter alkanes
What are the products of catalytic craking
Aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes
Describe a deataled way to measure the chemical energy inside a substance.
CALORIMETRY
lnk=?
lnk=lnA-(Ea/Rt)
Making ethanol, give conditions, and 2 processes
Fermentation - yeast catalyst, 35 degrees, anearobic batch process. C. C neutral as photosynthesis also absorbs CO2
Hydration of ethene with sulfuric acid catalyst, high temp , and pressure
Making esters, give conditions, and process of alc. plus carb acid. And uses of products.
alcohol + carboxylic acid —> ester
+ WATER
Conditions: H2SO4 catalyst
Ester uses: Solvent/ artificial flavouring
H fuel cell equations.
Making esters, give genral equation of making them from alcohol add acid anhydride
alc + acid anhydride —> carb acid (equal to the half of the anhydride) + ester
Thermal and catalytic cracking
THERMAL CRACKING
Conditions: High temp 1200K , high pressure 7000kPa
Products: Mainly alkanes and alkenes
CATALYTIC CRACKING
Conditions: 720k lower temps, slightly pressure and zeolite catalyst
Products: Aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclic compounds
How do catalytic convertors work
What must you always do to Q in equation Q= mc 🔺️ T
MAKE IT NEGATIVE
Neutrilisation and combustion are definitely exothermic.
Does a Kp expression have square brackets?
NO
What equation links mass Mr and avagadros constant?
Mass (g) = Mr÷ Avogadros constant
To Kg: ÷1000
Mass takes place in Mr. Over’s avocado garden
What makes condensation polymers more biodegradeable than addition?
Condensation polymers include H bonds and dipole dipole bonds because they have polar reigons. These are open to nucleophillic attacks, and the whole molecule can be hydrolysed slowly.
What is periodicity
REPEATING trends / patterns of the periodic table
What 3 polymers do you need to know? Give uses
Kevlar- Bullet preoof vests
Nylon 6,6 - Ropes
Terylene- Clothes / fabrics ( its a polyester )
H fuel cell drawring
Give all relevant equations for a H fuel cell:
Give the equations for the rechargeable Lithium Colbalt Oxide battery? And one use.
Used in phone batteries.
How to remember which cell is reduced and which oxidised?
NO
more negative- oxidised
we flip this equation
PROBLEM
more positive reduced
How do we know if a cell’s reaction is feasible?
EMF is positive
Equation to calculate EMF:
Ecell positive - Ecell more negative
