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Unit 3 - Sport Pyschology > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is motivation?

A

Motivation is the direction and intensity of effort

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2
Q

What is amotivation?

A

Amotivation is the complete absence of any motivation

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3
Q

Is amotivation a permanent state, or is it temporary?

A

Temporary
-Can fluctuate with changes to the environment of the task

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of motivation?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

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5
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation arising from sources inside the body

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6
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A

Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation arising from sources outside the body

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7
Q

Give 2 examples of a way to intrinsically motivate an athlete

A

-Get them to engage in activities they enjoy
-Get them to engage in activities that inspires improvement

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of a way to extrinsically motivate an athlete

A

-Praise
-Rewards (money, trophies etc)

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9
Q

Does extrinsic motivation have an impact on intrinsic motivation?

A

Yes, providing extrinsic rewards CAN have a negative impact on intrinsic motivation

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10
Q

What is a motivational environment?

A

A physical environment with conditions where athletes will feel motivated

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11
Q

The aim of a leader is to create a ………….

A

Mastery climate, where participants are encouraged to master skills

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12
Q

To create a mastery climate, what framework is used?

A

The TARGET acronym

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13
Q

What does the TARGET acronym stand for?

A

Task
Authority
Recognition
Grouping
Evaluation
Timing

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14
Q

How do family and peers influence the participants motivation?

A

It is shown that family and peers who encourage and support their athletes, create a higher level of motivation in the athlete, and increase their self-confidence.
Vice versa can be said to cause adverse effects

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15
Q

What are the 4 theories that link to motivation?

A

1) Need Achievement theory
2) Achievement Goal theory
3) Self-Determination theory
4) Weiner’s Attribution theory

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16
Q

What is Need achievement theory?

A

It describes if an individual is motivated to succeed or to avoid failure

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17
Q

What are the 2 personality traits of Need achievement theory?

A

High achiever and low achiever

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18
Q

What is a high achiever? (Need)

A

A person with high motivation to achieve success, low motivation to avoid failure (nAch)

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19
Q

What is a low achiever? (Need)

A

A person with low motivation to achieve success, high motivation to avoid failure (naF)

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20
Q

What is a situation factor? (Need)

A

It describes how likely we are to be successful in a situation based upon the probability of success and the incentive value of success

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21
Q

What is the probability of success? (Need)

A
  • Skill level of the opposition
  • Environmental (home/away)
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22
Q

What is incentive success? (Need)

A
  • Value of success in situation
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23
Q

What are resultant tendencies? (Need)

A

Tendencies to favour different types of opponents

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24
Q

What type of opponent would a high achiever prefer to play against?

(Need)

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A

Opponents with a close skill level, as they like the challenge

25
What type of opponent would a low achiever prefer to play against? (Need)
A much higher or lower ranked opponent This way they have a greater certainty of success or failure - an ego protective strategy
26
What are emotional reactions? (Need)
Experiencing pride and shame
27
Both high and low achievers want to feel pride and minimise shame, but their focus is different. What will a high achiever focus on? (Need)
A high achiever will focus on maximising pride
28
Both high and low achievers want to feel pride and minimise shame, but their focus is different. What will a low achiever focus on? (Need)
A low achiever will focus on minimising shame
29
What is achievement behaviour? (Need)
How an individual behaves in competitive situations
30
Name 3 achievement behaviours that a high achiever (nAch) would manifest (Need)
- Challenging tasks - High task persistence - Aren't afraid of failure
31
Name 3 achievement behaviours that a low achiever (naF) would manifest (Need)
- Difficult/easy tasks where sucess/failure is certain - Gives up easily - Are afraid of failure
32
Everyone has some nAch and naF, the difference between the two makes up someone's ........... ........... (Need)
Everyone has some nAch and naF, the difference between the two makes up someone's achievement behaviour
33
What is achievement goal theory?
It looks at 2 different types of orientation, task and outcome orientation
34
What is task orientation? (Achievement goal)
An individual who has the goal to master a particular skill
35
What are traits of a task-orientated person? (Achievement goal)
They will consider their ability has improved if they are able to perform a skill better than they did a week ago A task-orientated person will continue to be motivated so long as their skill levels improve
36
What is outcome orientation? (Achievement goal )
Outcome (or ego) orientation is an individual that measures their ability to that of another individual
37
How will an outcome orientated individual stay motivated? (Achievement goal)
They will be motivated to keep their ability above others, and self-confidence will improve so long as this is the case
38
Task and outcome orientation can also be called what?
Internally and externally referenced
39
Why does Achievement goal theory have implications for athletes and their coaches?
It is important for coaches to develop environments where athletes will improve their own skills in relation to their own ability This is because they have little control on the amount of effort their opponents or teamates expend
40
What is self-determination theory?
This theory relates to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, but specifically to whether an activity is freely chosen by an individual or has been enforced
41
What is a self-determined activity?
1) An activity that has been chosen by the participant 2) Participant has control over their experience and how they are conducted 3) If participation is purely for enjoyment rather than any external reward
42
What has self-determined behaviour been shown to lead to?
- Greater persistence in sport - Increased ability to cope with stress - Increased likelihood that peak performance will be achieved
43
Deci and Ryan (1991) classified extrinsic motivation into four types. What are they?
1) External regulation 2) Introjected regulation 3) Identified regulation 4) Integrated regulation
44
What is external regulation?
Participation to gain an external reward
45
What is introjected regulation?
Participation to please other people, yet is freely chosen
46
What is identified regulation?
Participation that is not enjoyable, but is completed as a stepping stone towards another goal
47
What is integrated regulation?
An individual freely chooses an activity despite it being suggested or controlled by their coach
48
Self-determination theory states that there are 3 key psychological needs which must be met if an individual is to stay motivated What are they?
1) Competence 2) Relatedness 3) Autonomy
49
What is competence? (Self-determination)
The need to successfully complete a task to the required/desired quality
50
What is relatedness? (Self-determination)
The need to belong/have close relationships with others
51
What is autonomy? (Self-determination)
The need to have a choice of control over what is happening in our lives
52
What is Weiner's attribution theory?
A theory that focuses on explanations or reasons that people give for their successes and failures, and attempts to categorise them
53
Attributions can be organised into four types, dependent on their level of stability and locus of control. What are the 4 types?
1) Internal stable 2) External stable 3) Internal unstable 4) External unstable
54
Attributions can be placed into 2 categories What are they?
Stable/unstable or internal/external
55
What is a stable and unstable attribution?
Stable = one that is fairly permanent (skill/ability) Unstable = one that is subject to change (luck)
56
What is an internal and external attribution?
Internal = one which is under your control (effort) External = one that is out of your control (task difficulty)
57
Weiner's attribution theory shows that sucessful athletes usually attribute their success to ......., ..... factors
Weiner's attribution theory shows that sucessful athletes usually attribute their success to internal, stable factors (skill/ability)
58
Weiner's attribution theory shows that sucessful athletes usually attribute their failure to ......., ....... factors
Weiner's attribution theory shows that sucessful athletes usually attribute their success to external, unstable factors (luck)

Unit 3 - Sport Pyschology (16 decks)

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