Motivation

Question 1

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Answer 1

5 levels–> self-actualisation, Esteem, Social needs, safety and security and psychological needs such as food water and shelter

Question 2

Alderfer’s ERG theory

Answer 2

A revision of Maslow’s theory–>summarises 8 categories into 3 categories. Existence needs, Relatedness needs and growth needs

Question 3

McClelland’s theory of achievement motivation

Answer 3

dates back to 1995
different needs to motivate different people and these can be measured 
-Need for achievement 
-Need for affiliation
-Need for power

Question 4

Goal setting theory - Locke (1981)

Answer 4

Opposes McClelland’s theory

• claims by Ryan (1970)
• key motivator in getting people to work
• Clarity-challenge-complexity-commitment- feedback

Question 5

Expectancy theory

Answer 5

Motivation=expectancy x instrumentality x valence

Question 6

Equity theory - Adams (1963)

Answer 6

Social exchange theory predicts that people will weigh up what action will happen will cost them in terms of benefits it will bring

Question 7

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators

Answer 7

intrinsic–>internal: enjoyment or a sense of satisfaction

extrinsic–>external: money, promotion or bonuses

Question 8

Reward systems

Answer 8

pay, bonuses, profit sharing, performance related pay

Question 9

Non-monetary rewards

Answer 9

praise, respect, recognition, empowerment, sense of belonging