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Psych AP Exam > Motivation, Emotion, and Personality > Flashcards

Motivation, Emotion, and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

drive reduction

A

physiological need creates aroused tension (drive) that motivates you to satisfy the need (driven by homeostasis: equilibrium)

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2
Q

primary drive

A

unlearned drive based on survival (hunger, thirst)

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3
Q

secondary drive

A

learned drive (wealth or success)

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4
Q

incentive theory

A

driven by external rewards

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5
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

inner motivation – you do it because you like it

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6
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

motivation to obtain a reward (trophy)

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7
Q

Festinger

A

originated the theory of cognitive dissonance

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8
Q

optimum arousal is also called:

A

Yerkes Dodson Law

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9
Q

Yerkes Dodson Law (optimum arousal)

A

humans seek optimum levels of arousal

easier tasks require more arousal, harder tasks need less

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10
Q

Physiological (level of MHoN)

A

first level
food, water, rest

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11
Q

Safety (level of MHoN)

A

second level
security

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12
Q

Love/Belonging (level of MHoN)

A

third level
intimate relationships, friends

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13
Q

Esteem (level of MHoN)

A

fourth level
feeling of accomplishment

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14
Q

Self-actualization (level of MHoN)

A

achieving one’s full potential

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15
Q

Hormones that signal to eat

A

orexin, Ghrelin

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16
Q

Hormones that signal to stop eating

A

PYY, leptin

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17
Q

lateral hypothalamus

A

stimulated makes you hungry; lesioned you will never eat again. (I’m LATE for lunch. I’m hungry. The LATEral hypothalamus makes you hungry.)

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18
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus

A

when stimulated you feel full, when destroyed you eat eat eat eat

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19
Q

what does obesity increase the risk of

A

heart attack, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes

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20
Q

set point

A

control systems dictates how much fat you should carry – every person is different

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21
Q

anorexia

A

weight loss of at least 15% of ideal weight, distorted body image

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22
Q

causes of eating disorders

A

overly critical parents, perfectionistic tendencies, societal ideals

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23
Q

bulimia

A

usually normal body weight, go through a binge-purge eating pattern (eat massive amounts, then throw up)

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24
Q

hypothalamus

A

stimulation increases sexual behavior, destruction leads to sexual inhibition

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25
Q

sexual response pattern

A

excitement phase, plateau, orgasm, refractory period (resolution phase) (cannot “fire” again until reset, guys only)

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26
Q

Alfred Kinsey

A

created Kinsey scale of homosexuality; studies lacked a representative sample

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27
Q

James Lange

A

theory of emotion:
stimulus -> arousal (SNS) -> emotion

(older theory)

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28
Q

Canon Bard

A

theory of emotion:
stimulus -> arousal / emotion simultaneous

(older theory)

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29
Q

Schacter Two Factor

A

theory of emotion:
stimulus -> arousal -> label/emotion simultaneous

(new theory)

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30
Q

Lazarus Appraisal

A

theory of emotion:
stimulus -> label -> arousal / emotion
(LL – Lazarus Labels First)

(new theory)

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31
Q

Eckman’s theory

A

there are six universal emotions
happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear
(think Inside Out + surprise)

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32
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

being forced to smile will make you happier (cartoon study with pencil in mouth)

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33
Q

Display rules

A

social group or culture’s norms of how to express certain emotions

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34
Q

industrial / organizational psych

A

psych of the work – employee recruitment, training, satisfaction, productivity

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35
Q

ergonomics / human factors

A

intersection of engineering and psych – focuses on safety and efficiency of human-machine interactions

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36
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

productivity increases when workers are made to feel important (teacher teaches when principal comes in)

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37
Q

Theory X Management

A

manager controls employees, enforces rules. good for lower-level jobs

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38
Q

Theory Y Management

A

manager gives employees responsibility, looks for input. good for high level jobs

39
Q

problem-focused coping

A

solving or doing something to alter the course of stress (planning, acceptance)

40
Q

emotion-focused coping

A

reducing the emotional distress (denial, disengagement)

41
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

three phases of a stress response:
alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

42
Q

who came up with GAS theory

A

Selye

43
Q

Alarm (stage of GAS)

A

body/you freak out in response to stress

44
Q

Resistance (stage of GAS)

A

body/you are dealing with stress

45
Q

Exhaustion (stage of GAS)

A

body/you cannot take any more, give up

46
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

win-win situation; conflict is which win you have to choose

47
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

win-lose situation; outcome has positive and negative aspects (marriage)

48
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

lose-lose; both outcomes are bad but you have to choose one (clean your room or do your homework)

49
Q

multiple approach-avoidance conflict

A

two or more win-lose situations; conflict is which to choose (college A is good for major but not scholarship, college B is good for scholarship but not major)

50
Q

preconscious

A

unconscious at a particular moment but not repressed (like phone numbers)

51
Q

unconscious

A

unavailable to awareness

52
Q

id

A

our hidden true animalistic wants and desires – operates on the pleasure principle, all about rewards and avoiding pain (devil on your shoulder – entirely unconscious)

53
Q

superego

A

our moral conscious (angel on your shoulder; both conscious, preconscious, and unconscious)

54
Q

ego

A

reality principle, has to deal with society, stuck mediating between the id and superego (you! – conscious & preconscious)

55
Q

when are defense mechanisms used

A

when ego can not mediate between the id and superego

56
Q

repression

A

push memories back into the unconscious mind (sexual abuse is too traumatic to deal with so you repress it)

57
Q

projection

A

attribute personal shortcomings and faults onto others (man who wants to have an affair accuses his wife of having one)

58
Q

denial

A

refuse to acknowledge reality (refuse to believe you have cancer)

59
Q

displacement

A

shift feelings from an unacceptable object to a more acceptable one (can’t yell at a teacher, go home and yell at a dog)

60
Q

reaction formation

A

transform unacceptable motive into his opposite (acting aggressively nice when you dislike someone)

61
Q

regression

A

transform into an earlier development period in the face of stress (during exam week you start to suck your thumb)

62
Q

rationalization

A

replace a less acceptable reasoning with a more acceptable one (don’t get into your college – justify it was a bad college anyway)

63
Q

sublimation

A

replace unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one (teen with angry urges joins a wrestling team)

64
Q

Oral stage

A

0-18 months
pleasure focuses on mouth
id forms

65
Q

Anal stage

A

18-36 months
pleasure involves eliminative functions
ego forms

66
Q

Phallic stage

A

3-6 years
pleasure focuses on genitals
superego forms

67
Q

Oedipal complex

A

young boys learn to identify with their father out of fear of retribution (castration anxiety)

68
Q

Electra complex

A

young girls learn to identify with their mother because they cannot with their father (penis envy)

Part of Phallic Stage

69
Q

latency stage

A

6 years to puberty
psychic time out – personality is set

70
Q

Genital stage

A

adulthood
sexual reawakening – oedipal and electra “feelings” are repressed, turn sexual wants onto an appropriate person

71
Q

Fixation

A

can become “stuck” in an earlier stage – influences personality (oral stage smokes/drinks, anal is “anal retentive”, phallic is promiscuous)

72
Q

good about Freud

A

1st theory on personality
sparked psychoanalysis

73
Q

psychoanalysis

A

analyze a person’s unconscious motives

74
Q

free association

A

say aloud everything that comes to mind without hesitation

(psychoanalysis)

75
Q

transference

A

looks for feelings to transfer to psychologist

(psychoanalysis)

76
Q

dream interpretation

A

analyze the manifest and latent content

(psychoanalysis)

77
Q

projective tests

A

ambiguous stimuli shown to look at your unconscious motives (awful and very subjective)

(psychoanalysis)

78
Q

thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

tell a story about a picture (when someone has a tattoo (TAT) you ask what it means)

(projective test – psychoanalysis)

79
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

show an inkblot

(projective test – psychoanalysis)

80
Q

Carl Jung

A

Neo-Freudian
believed in the collective unconscious (shared inherited reservoir of memory – explains common myths across civilizations and time)

81
Q

Karen Horney

A

Neo-Freudian
said personality develops in the context of social relationships, NOT sexual urges
(security not sex is motivation, men get womb envy)

82
Q

factor analysis

A

used to find traits in people
statistical procedures used to identify similar components

83
Q

what is wrong with Big Five / CANOE

A

ignores the role of the situation in behavior

84
Q

what is good about Big Five / CANOE

A

identifying traits gives us perspectives about careers, relationships, health

85
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
personality inventory – used to assess and diagnose mental health disorders

86
Q

Carl Rogers

A

talked about our self-concept (idea of who we are). your self-concept is the center of your personality.

87
Q

actual (social) self

A

what others see

88
Q

ideal (true) self

A

what you WANT to be

89
Q

positive self-concept

A

makes us perceive the world positively (optimist)

90
Q

negative self-concept

A

makes us feel dissatisfied and unhappy

91
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

suggests that a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. dynamic interplay between personal, environmental, and behavioral factors.

92
Q

self-efficiacy

A

belief that one can succeed, so you ensure you do

93
Q

what is wrong with social-cognitive perspective

A

too specific, cannot generalize

Psych AP Exam (7 decks)

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