Motivation Theories

Question 1

Define motivation

Answer 1

Range of factors that influence people to behave in certain ways

Question 2

Why is motivation important

Answer 2

Increases productivity which lowers cost

Question 3

Explain F.W. Taylor’s motivation theory

Answer 3

Workers are only motivated by money
Need close supervision
Use of piece rate pay system

Question 4

Explain Elton Mayo’s motivation theory

Answer 4

Workers need social interaction and to feel valued to be motivated

Question 5

Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

• Self-actualisation
• Esteem
• Social needs
• Safety
• Biological needs

Question 6

Explain Herzberg’s motivation theory

Answer 6

• Hygiene factors: basic needs to avoid dissatisfaction (e.g., pay, work conditions)
• Motivating factors: things that truly motivate (e.g., achievement, recognition)

Question 7

Explain Porter and Lawler’s motivation theory

Answer 7

Effort is influenced by expected outcome — if people believe their effort will lead to a desired reward, they are more likely to be motivated

Question 8

What are some forms of non financial motivation + explain them

Answer 8

Job enlargement - increasing workload
Training
Empowerment - more control over their tasks
Flexible working