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Flashcards in Motor Control 1 Deck (28)
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1
Q

What is a Motor Behaviour?

A

a Motor Activity (action) carried out through muscular contraction

2
Q

What is a motor task?

A

The objective of a motor behaviour to be achieved

3
Q

What is the concept of motor equivalence?

A

The same motor task can be carried out with different sequences of movements

4
Q

What is the difference between an action and a movement?

A

Action is an aim, a movement is the way of achieving that aim.

5
Q

What is motor adaptability?

A

The ability to accomplish the same motor task by adjusting the motor behaviour to different conditions

6
Q

What is feedback control?

A

Detection of difference between observed and desired measure leads to change

7
Q

What is the proportional feedback control law?

A

the control variable is proportional to the error (error is multiplied by a ‘gain’)

8
Q

What comprises the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

9
Q

What comprises the PNS?

A

Nerves and ganglia

10
Q

What is Grey Matter?

A

Neural Cell Bodies, Dendrites, Unmyelinated Axons

11
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated Axons

12
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Largest most superior structure of the CNS

13
Q

What two main structures are included in the cerebrum?

A

Cerebral cortex and basal ganglia

14
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

A 2-4mm thick folded sheet of grey matter covering the cerebral hemispheres

15
Q

What is the crest of folded tissue in the cerebral cortex referred to as?

A

Gyri

16
Q

What is the groove between crests of the tissue of the cerebral cortex referred to as?

A

Sulci

17
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal, Temportal, Parietal and Occipital

18
Q

What is the motor cortex?

A

Area in the frontal lobe anterior to the central sulcus, fundamental for voluntary motor control and deciding/planning actions

19
Q

What is the general function of the Primary Motor Cortex?

A

Motor commands to motor neurons. Initiation and coordination of voluntary movements

20
Q

What is the general function of the Pre-Motor Cortex?

A

Organisation of movements before they are initiated

21
Q

What is the general function of the Supplementary Motor area?

A

Preparation and control of sequential movements

22
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

a set of subcortical neural nuclei strictly interconnected with the cortex and brainstem

23
Q

What are the components of the basal ganglia?

A
  • Striatum (Caudate Nucleum and Putamen)
  • Globus Pallidus
  • Substantia Nigra
  • Subthalamic nucleus
24
Q

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Death of neurons in the subtantia nigra

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?

A
  • Tremor at rest
  • shuffling gait
  • bradykinesia (slow voluntary movement)
  • akinesia (difficulty initiating movement)
  • hypometria (inadequate amplitude of movements
26
Q

What is Huntington’s & Hemiballism?

A

Lesions in the subthalamic nucleus leading to excess of involuntary movement

27
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Prominent structure situated at the back of the pons (brain stem)

28
Q

What is the general role of the cerebellum?

A

Motor coordination, posture and balance. Execution of smooth and accurate movements.