motor control Flashcards
(30 cards)
what does motor behavior include
motor control
motor learning
motor development
what is motor control
a process of grading initiating and directing purposefully voluntary movement
what is the field of motor control directed at
nature of the environment
how movement is controlled
why studying motor control
improve mvmnt capabilities
improve motor performance
generating and building theory
how does motor control works
it identifies the task
plan according to CNS
sensory feedback is supplied
how movements emerge
it emerges from combination of TIE
Task
Individual
Environment
what does task include
it includes
stability
mobility
manipulation
what does individual include
action
perception
cognition
what does environment include
regulatory and non-regulatory
what are the theories of motor control
reflex theory
hierarchical theory
motor programing theory
dynamic systems theory
ecological theory
what does reflex theory says
complex behavior is controlled by series of chained reflexes
reflexes are combined into action that makes behavior
by Charles Sherrington
what is basic structure of reflex called
reflex arc
the reflex system includes
stimulus
receptors
sensory neurons
interneuron
motor neuron
effector
response
what is important in initiating movement
sensory input
uses sensory input to control motor output
stimulate good reflexes
inhibit undesirable reflexes
relay heavily on feedback
reflex theory
what are the limitations of reflex theory
unable to explain
spontaneous and voluntary movements
it is modulated
movement can occur without stimulus
hierarchical theory
by JH Jackson
movement is controlled by system consisting of three levels
higher controls lower
voluntary initiated by will aka higher level
reflexes are part of hierarchical but higher level tends to inhibit them
motor control emerges from reflexes
which emerges first between brainstem reflexes and midbrain reflexes
brainstem reflexes which associate with head controls
after that midbrain which associate with trunk control
what is the current concept related to hierarchical theory
each level can act on other
reflexes are one of many process of motor controls
identifies and present primitive reflexes
reduce hyperactive stretch
facilitates movements patterns
normalize tone
developmental sequence
hierarchical theory
what are the limitations of hierarchical theory
cannot explain dominance of reflex behavior in certain situations in normal adults
everone developmental pattern is different
movement is possible even in the absence of stimuli or sensory input and it is more flexible than the concept of reflex
motor programming theory
spinal networks capable of generating bilateral rhythmic movement such as swimming and walking
central pattern generator CPGs
abnormal movement
helps patients relearn the correct actions
retrain movement important to functional task
do not just reeducate muscles in isolation
motor programming theory
