Motor Control Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is motor control?
The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement (Shumway-Cook, 2023).
What is a motor control theory?
A group of abstract ideas about the control of movement that influences what we do with patients
What is the main idea of Reflex Theory?
Reflexes are the building blocks of complex behavior that is controlled by stimulus response
What is the core principle of Hierarchical Theory?
The nervous system is a strict hierarchy with the descending levels of control, the cortex being the highest
What is Reflex-Hierarchical Theory?
motor control emerges from reflexes that are organized in hierarchical, top-down levels of the CNS
Name the limitations of Reflex-Hierarchical Theory.
It cannot explain movement in the absence of sensory input
cant explain the ability to perform fast, complex or novel movements
cant explain how lower-level reflexes can control higher centers
What does Neuro-Maturational Theory suggest?
extension of reflex/hierarchical theory says as the nervous system matures, motor skills develop
What are limitations to Neuro-maturational theory?
minimizes the important of other factors in development, like MSK changes
What is neurofacilitation?
Treatment aimed at facilitating or inhibiting motor behavior by modifying the CNS (PNF, NDT, Rood techniques)
What major shift occurred with Motor Programming Theory?
The CNS was seen as active, not just reactive.
What is a motor program?
A centrally organized abstract representation of movement.
What is a key limitation of Motor Programming Theory?
Cannot be the sole determinant of action, It doesn’t account for musculoskeletal or environmental factors affecting movement.
What is the focus of Ecological Theory?
The interaction between perception and the environment in goal-directed movement. Stressed importance of perception
How does Ecological Theory guide intervention?
Encourages patients to explore multiple ways to achieve task goals.
What are the core principles of the Systems Approach?
Movement arises from the interaction of the individual, task, and environment.
Which theory is currently the basis for motor control clinical practice?
The Systems Approach.
What is Task-Oriented Training based on?
Systems Approach and newer motor learning theories.
What factors are considered within “The Individual” in motor control?
Neuromuscular, biomechanical, sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
What are types of tasks in motor control?
Stability tasks, mobility tasks, closed vs open tasks, and tasks involving UE function.
Stability task
performed with a non-moving BOS
Mobility task
requires moving the BOS
Closed vs open movement tasks
closed: predictable or non moving surface
open: unpredictable; uneven or moving surface
Upper- Extremity function
easy: no object manipulation
hard: precise object manipulation
What is the difference between regulatory and nonregulatory environmental features?
Regulatory features shape movement; nonregulatory do not require movement adaptation.
