Motor Control

Question 1

Painful spasms are often called:

Answer 1

cramps

Question 2

___ results in powerful, involuntary, sustained contractions of groups of muscles

Answer 2

dystonia

Question 3

Common focal dystonias are ___ (wry neck, or cervical dystonia); ___ (blinking and closure of the eyelids); ___ and ___ (dystonia of the hand and arm).

Answer 3

torticollis; blepharospasm; writer’s cramp; musician’s cramp

Question 4

___ denotes etreme slowness in movement and also difficulty initiating and sustaining movement (happens with Parkinson)

Answer 4

bradykinesia

Question 5

___ is defined as involuntary, velocity-dependent, increased resistance to stretch. (happens with certain types of MS)

Answer 5

spasticity

Question 6

___ is heightened resistance to passive movement of a limb that is independent of the velocity of stretch. Results from co-contraction of flexors and extensors.

Answer 6

rigidity

Question 7

___ rigidity persists throughout the range of movement while ___ rigidity is rhythmic, interrupted, jerky resistance

Answer 7

lead-pipe; cogwheel

Question 8

___ are rhythmic oscillating movements

Answer 8

tremors

Question 9

___ is characterized by repetitive, brief, jerky, large-scale, dance-like uncontrolled movements that start in one part of the body and move abruptly, unpredictably, and often continuously to another

Answer 9

chorea

Question 10

The inability to perform rapid alternately repeated movements, such as repeatedly pronating and supinating the forearm or running.

Answer 10

dydiadochokinesia

Question 11

The ___ compares what your motor cortex intends to do with what is actually happening in the body (according to proprioceptive feedback and corrects the movement if there is a problem

Answer 11

cerebellum

Question 12

Does the cerebellum work ipsillaterally or contralaterally?

Answer 12

ipsillaterally

Question 13

Cerebellar dysfuntion: ___ is the inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of voluntary movement

Answer 13

ataxia

Question 14

Cerebellar dysfuntion: Drunken sailor’s gait is a form of:

Answer 14

ataxia

Question 15

Cerebellar dysfuntion: A mild degree of ataxia would be called:

Answer 15

dystaxia

Question 16

Cerebellar dysfuntion: The clinical term for the inability to perform point-to-point movement due to over or under projection.

Answer 16

dysmetria (aka past pointing)

Question 17

What does diadochos mean?

Answer 17

working in turn

Question 18

What does kinesis mean?

Answer 18

movement

Question 19

Cerebellar dysfuntion: Tremor during purposeful motor activity is called:

Answer 19

intention tremor

Question 20

Cerebellar dysfuntion: Trouble stabilizing eye movements; abnormal eye movements:

Answer 20

nystagmus

Question 21

Cerebellar dysfuntion: Disturbance of speech production (not grammar) due to emotional stress, to brain injury, or to paralysis, incoordination, or spasticity of the muscles used for speaking.

Answer 21

dysarthria

Question 22

A cerebellar form of dysarthria which is characterized by syllables of words separated by noticeable pauses:

Answer 22

scanning speech

Question 23

Cerebellar dysfuntion: Often associated with an inability to stop a rapidly moving limb:

Answer 23

hypotonia

Question 24

The Basal Ganglia area a collection of how many nuclei deep to the grey matter of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 24

6

Question 25

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are large collections of nuclei that do what?

Answer 25

modify movement continuously

Question 26

The motor cortex sends info to the BG and cerebellum and both send info right back via the:

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

This is thought to be responsible for the background positioning of proximal muscles needed for all motor activities.

Answer 27

basal ganglia

Question 28

The function of this structure is described as being a brake to movement.

Answer 28

basal ganglia

Question 29

What's the definition of festination?

Answer 29

abnormal quickening of gait (sometimes happens with Parkinson)

Question 30

Four symptoms often associated with people with Parkinson are:

Answer 30

resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability

Question 31

This is sometimes considered part of the basal ganglia (functional) and sometimes mentioned as a separate structure (anatomical)

Answer 31

the substantia nigra of the midbrain