Motor learning Flashcards
(49 cards)
What are the 2 types of motor learning?
Implicit (aka nondeclarative) (not much thought, can do easily)
and
Explicit (aka declarative) (takes thought and focus to complete)
What are the 3 types of implicit learning?
associative learning, nonassociative learning, and procedural tasks
What is non associative learning? What are the 2 types of it ?
Non associative learning is using reflex pathways to complete a task.
1. Habituation is the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure
2. sensitization is the increased responsiveness following a noxious stimulus.
What is associative learning and its 2 types?
associative learning uses past memories and experiences to predict relationships in future actions.
1. Classic conditioning is pairing stimulus to conditioned response, ex= pavlov’s salivating dogs
2. Operant conditioning is when rewarded behaviors are repeated and those with negative consequences are not repeated.
Your explicit memory is comprised of what type of memories?
factual knowledge and events that are consciously recalled
Is the following implicit or explicit memory?
The therapist instructs Mrs. G to scoot to the edge of her chair, align her feet underneath her, and lean forward. Mrs. G is successfully able to complete this and verbalize the steps when she does it.
This is explicit memory bc it uses voluntary movements that require thinking to do
Is the following implicit or explicit memory?
The PT has Mrs. G perform motor imagery thru mirror therapy with her L UE, in hopes of promoting improved function in her R UE.
explicit because you are attempting to move your R UE
What structure in the brain is responsible to implicit procedural learning?
THE basal ganglia
develops slowly through repetitive movements
What brain anatomical area is responsible for the storing of explicit/declarative learning??
Medial temporal lobe
Case application, label the following scenario as either
a. procedural learning,
b. non-associative learning,
c. associative classical conditioning,
d. association operant conditioning
repeatedly expose mrs g to leaning forward prior to a transfer even tho she be scared…
b. non-associative learning,
bc she is being HABITUALLY exposed to the stimulus of leaning forward so that her fear of the task decreases
Case application, label the following scenario as either
a. procedural learning,
b. non-associative learning,
c. associative classical conditioning,
d. association operant conditioning
PT tels mrs G to take bg steps whhile also facilitating knee adn hip flexion with a physical cue @ the popliteal fossa. following a week of practice, the PT no longer provides the same stimulus and cues as Mrs. G performs well just off verbal cues.
c. associative classical conditioning,
bc mrs G is pairing the verbal and tactile cues/ stimuli to the response of Hip and knee flexion. Over time she will perfom the Hip n knee flexion just off the verbal cue alone.
Case application, label the following scenario as either
a. procedural learning,
b. non-associative learning,
c. associative classical conditioning,
d. association operant conditioning
the PT tells mrs G great job leaning forward in that transfer. Mrs G repeats the pattern again.
d. association operant conditioning
bc Mrs. G is repeating the action that is being rewarded with praise.
Case application, label the following scenario as either
a. procedural learning,
b. non-associative learning,
c. associative classical conditioning,
d. association operant conditioning
Mrs G. has been walking with therapy inside and outside the clinic including navigating therapist-designed obstacle courses. 6 months post-stroke, she attended her nephew’s graduation and successfully walked thru the auditorium.
a. procedural learning,
bc mrs g has done many repetitions of the task and is familiar with it
Motor learning as a continuum (slide 14)
Which type of feedback is better for explicit forms of mtr learning…
extrinsic or intrinsic feedback?
more instruction with extrinsic feedback bc it can aid the pt in completing desired task adequately.
T or F…
motor learning and performance are the same thing?
FALSE,
you can perform a task you haven’t yet fully learned. learning requires that the skill can be performed consistently after a period of time
What is mtr performance and retention?
performance results from practice and experience with a short-lasting change.
retention is being able to demonstrate a behavior after a period of time not practicing it. aka learned skill
What are the 3 theories of learning covered in this lec?
Schmidt’s Schema Theory +
Fitts and posners three stage model +
ecological theory.
What is the following defining…
abstract representation stored in memory following multiple exposures
this is the def of a schema
Are schemas more short term or long-term memory-oriented?
short term storage
How is the recall schema diff from the recognition schema?
Recall schema stores basic info on movement patterns in short term memory while the recognition schema analyzes this basic movement info to see if it is effective at completing what you wanted to do
what are some limitations of schema theory?
- doesn’t explain how schemas interact wit other systems
- doesn’t explain how the motor program is initially created
does variability strengthen or weaken schemas?
variability strengthens schemas as they become applicable to different conditions. this is more evident in children then adults.
explain the Ecological theory
it considers the relationship between the task, individual, and environment and how they facilitate or act as a barrier
repeated practice under varying conditions is important
example-
mrs g wan pick up glass wit bev, she takes into consideration how slippery the glass is, how full it is, how far it is from her, is anyone else tryna reach for her bev??
all is in consideration
What are the 3 stages of motor learning in Fitt n Posner’s model?
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
