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NPTAE Neuro > Motor Learning > Flashcards

Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

3 Stages of Motor Learning

A

Cognitive stage
Associative stage
Autonomous stage

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2
Q

Cognitive Stage

A

highest concentration of conscious processing, involves problem solving, controlled environment ideal
large amount of errors
inconsistent attempts
repetition allows for improvement of strategies
high degree of cognitive work: listening, observing, processing feedback

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3
Q

Associative Stage

A

more independent in identifying errors in performance, links feedback w/ movements & ultimate goal, can practice in less structured environment, **avoid excessive external feedback
decreased errors
decreased need for concentration/cognition regarding task
skill refinement
increased coordination
more practice = more refined movement

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4
Q

Autonomous Stage

A

improves efficiency of task w/o great deal of cognitive control, task can be performed in a variety of environments
automatic response
mainly error-free regardless of environment
patterns of movement are non-cognitive/automatic
distraction does not impact task
person can perform simultaneous tasks
extrinsic feedback should be limited/not provided
internal feedback dominates

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5
Q

4 types of Feedback

A

Intrinsic (inherent)
Extrinsic (augmented)
Knowledge of Results
Knowledge of Performance

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6
Q

Intrinsic Feedback

A

all feedback that comes from sensory systems as result of movement (visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, somatosensory)

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7
Q

Extrinsic Feedback

A

information provided while task is in progress/subsequent to task, usually as verbal/manual cues

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8
Q

Knowledge of Results

A

form of extrinsic feedback, includes outcome of task in relation to the goal

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9
Q

Knowledge of Performance

A

extrinsic feedback related to actual movement pattern used to achieve the goal

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10
Q

Types of Practice

A 
Massed
Distributed
Constant
Variable
Random
Blocked
Whole training
Part training
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11
Q

Massed Practice

A

practice time in trial > rest between trials

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12
Q

Distributed Practice

A

practice time in trial ≤ rest between trials

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13
Q

Constant Practice

A

practice occurs under uniform conditions

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14
Q

Variable Practice

A

practice occurs in varying conditions

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15
Q

Random Practice

A

varying practice among different tasks

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16
Q

Blocked Practice

A

consistent practice of a single task

17
Q

Whole Training

A

practice of an entire task

18
Q

Part Training

A

practice of individual/ selected component of a task

19
Q

Closed System model

A

characterized by transfer of info incorporating multiple feedback loops- nervous system = “Active participant,” can initiate movement, not just reacting to stimuli

20
Q

Compensation

A

using alternate motor/sensory strategies due to impairment, limits normal completion of task

21
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in response that occurs as result of consistent exposure to non-painful stimuli

22
Q

Types of Learning

A

Non-associative
Associative
Procedural
Declarative

23
Q

Non-Associative Learning

A

single repeated stimulus (habituation, sensitization)

24
Q

Associative Learning

A

gaining understanding of relationship between two stimuli/ causal relationships/ stimulus & consequence (classical conditioning, operant conditioning

25
Q

Procedural Learning

A

learning tasks that can be performed without attention/concentration- task is learned be forming movement habits (developing a habit through repetitive practice)

26
Q

Declarative Learning

A

requires attention/awareness/reflection in order to attain knowledge that can be consciously recalled (mental practice)

27
Q

Open System Model

A

single transfer of info w/o any feedback loop (reflexive hierarchical theory)- nervous system awaits stimulus in order to react

28
Q

Performance

A

temporary change in motor behavior during practice as result of many variables (only one variable focuses on act of learning)- not an absolute measure of learning

29
Q

Plasticity

A

ability to modify at synapse level (temporarily/permanently) in order to perform a task

30
Q

Strategy

A

plan used to produce specific result to influence the system

NPTAE Neuro (21 decks)

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