Motor Learning

Question 1

When assessing performance and making instructional decisions, which of the following must be considered?

Answer 1

d) All of the above

Question 2

The field of study that focuses on the neural, physical, and behavior aspects that underlie human movement is _____.

Answer 2

B) Motor Control

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT be considered a motor skill?

Answer 3

B) Knee-jerk reflex

Question 4

A discrete skill:

Answer 4

c) has beginning and end points that are clearly defined

Question 5

A skill that is composed of a number of discrete skills whose integrated performance is crucial for goal achievement is categorized as a/an:

Answer 5

a) serial skill

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a serial skill?

Answer 6

c) A floor routine in gymnastics

Question 7

Which of the following is a continuous skill?

Answer 7

c) Rollerblading

Question 8

Mountain biking, which requires the performer to continually adapt his or her responses to conform to the trail, would be considered what kind of skill:

Answer 8

a) an open skill

Question 9

Practice for open skills should emphasize which of the following?

Answer 9

c) context variability

Question 10

According to Gentile, the environmental factors that specify the movement characteristics necessary for successful performance of a skill are known as:

Answer 10

c) regulatory conditions.

Question 11

Inter-trial response variability refers to:

Answer 11

b) whether the regulatory conditions remain fixed or change with each successive performance attempt.

Question 12

Which of the following skills has low inter-trial variability

Answer 12

d) Shot put

Question 13

According to Gentile’s multidimensional classification system, the simplest skill would be one whose:

Answer 13

a) environmental context is stationary, involves no inter-trial variability or body transport, and does not require object manipulation.

Question 14

Which of the following is classified as a perceptual motor ability?

Answer 14

b) Response orientation

Question 15

Which of the following is the ability to make continuous speed and direction adjustments with precision when tracking?

Answer 15

d) rate control

Question 16

Which of the following abilities would NOT be needed to climb Mt. Everest?

Answer 16

c) Wrist finger speed

Question 17

What is the process by which meaning is attached to input?

Answer 17

b) perception.

Question 18

Reaction time is defined as:

Answer 18

c) the interval of time between the moment that a stimulus is presented and a response is initiated.

Question 19

According to Hicks Law, a racquetball player has an advantage if he or she:

Answer 19

a) has a larger repertoire of serves.

Question 20

Clues in the environment that if detected can assist a learner in anticipating

Answer 20

d) precues

Question 21

Which of the following is the ability to attend to or focus on one specific item in the midst of countless stimuli?

Answer 21

b) selective attention.

Question 22

An emotion resulting from an individual’s perception of a situation as threatening is known as

Answer 22

b) anxiety.

Question 23

The natural level of arousal for one individual may be significantly higher than that of another individual.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

The action possibilities of the environment and task in relation to the perceiver’s own capabilities are called:

Answer 24

d) Affordances

Question 25

The process of constraining available degrees of freedom to organize a movement pattern that will effectively achieve the goal of the task is called

Answer 25

a) coordination.

Question 26

The manipulation of variables within a movement pattern to meet the demands of a given situation is known as:

Answer 26

b) control.

Question 27

A class of actions or pattern of movement that can be modified to yield various response outcomes is known as a:

Answer 27

c) generalized motor program

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT considered an invariant feature?

Answer 28

b) Specification of muscles and or limbs

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT considered a parameter?

Answer 29

d) Relative timing

Question 30

The elements of the generalized motor program that enable a center fielder to throw to third base from different areas of the field are called:

Answer 30

b) parameters.

Question 31

The relatively fixed underlying characteristics that define a generalized motor program are called:

Answer 31

a) invariant features.

Question 32

Which of the following specifies the parameter values assigned to the generalized motor program?

Answer 32

b) Schema

Question 33

Which of the following is not a source of information used to develop ones schema

Answer 33

Individual differences

Question 34

_____________ is the generation of action plans that contain all of the information necessary to complete a response.

Answer 34

a) An open skill

Question 35

A(n) _____________ is a rule or relationship that directs decision-making when a learner is faced with a movement problem.

Answer 35

c) schema

Question 36

According to the Dynamic System Theory, compressing available degrees of freedom into a single functional unit that is designed to carry out a specific task is called:

Answer 36

d) self-organization

Question 37

According to the dynamic system theory, ______________ are the boundaries that limit the movement capabilities of an individual.

Answer 37

a) constraints

Question 38

A change in the state of stability of a system that causes a spontaneous reorganization into a new form is called a(n):

Answer 38

c) phase shift

Question 39

Variables that move a system to a new attractor state are called:

Answer 39

b) phase shifts

Question 40

Constraints that function to hinder or hold back the ability of a system to change are called

Answer 40

a) rate limiters

Question 41

Strength could be considered as:

Answer 41

c) either a rate limiter or a control parameter, depending on the situation

Question 42

A change in relative timing indicates a

Answer 42

Generalized motor program

Question 43

If fear prevents a diver from improving on his or her performance on a particular dive then fear is acting as a:

Answer 43

d) rate limiter.

Question 44

The sensory receptors located in the muscles, tendons, and internal ears are called:

Answer 44

c) proprioceptors

Question 45

Which of the following detect stimuli outside of the body and provide information about the environment?

Answer 45

b) Exteroceptors

Question 46

Stimuli regarding feelings such as hunger and nausea would be detected by:

Answer 46

a) interoceptors

Question 47

Light sensitive cells located in the eyes that convert an image into a nerve impulse are called:

Answer 47

photoreceptors.

Question 48

Which of the following provide information about body position and movement?

Answer 48

Proprioceptors

Question 49

Which of the following is a photoreceptor that is specialized for dim light and enables us to see shapes and movement as well as discriminate between different shades of light and dark?

Answer 49

Rods

Question 50

What is the primary receptor used in night vision?

Answer 50

Rods

Question 51

Which photoreceptor is specialized for color vision?

Answer 51

Cones

Question 52

Electrical signals generated by the photoreceptors are sent to the brain via the:

Answer 52

b) optic nerve

Question 53

An individual whose dominant eye is opposite that of his or her dominant hand is considered

Answer 53

cross dominant

Question 54

The rate at which a retinal image enlarges is directly related to the speed of an object’s approach and is indicative of

Answer 54

a) time to contact

Question 55

Which of the following sends a signal to the CNS indicating how much and how fast a muscle’s length is changing?

Answer 55

c) Muscle spindles

Question 56

Which of the following proprioceptors are found at the junction of the tendon and the muscle?

Answer 56

b) Golgi tendon organs

Question 57

Information is taken from the receptors to the CNS by:

Answer 57

afferent nerves.

Question 58

Which area of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions?

Answer 58

c) Cerebral cortex

Question 59

The area of the brain that plays a key role in the maintenance of posture and balance is the

Answer 59

d) cerebellum.

Question 60

Which of the following enables a performer to make, executes, and evaluates strategic and movement decisions?

Answer 60

Both A and B

Question 61

Which visual pathway functions at a sub-conscious level?

Answer 61

d) Ambient system

Question 62

Which visual pathway functions to identify objects primarily located in the central region of the visual field?

Answer 62

Focal system

Question 63

The visual system that a mountain biker would use to identify changes in the trail or to perceive a rider in front of him or her is the:

Answer 63

c) focal system.

Question 64

The __________ system serves both central and peripheral visual fields.

Answer 64

Ambient system