Motor Milestones Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
How long is, and what occurs during, the first trimester?
A
1 - 12 weeks
@ 7-8weeks: fetal movement occurs
@ 9 weeks: jerky, startle type movements occur
2
Q
How long is, and what occurs during, the second trimester?
A
13-36 weeks
body proportions grow to newborn proportions
3
Q
How long is, and what occurs during, the third trimester?
A
27-40 weeks
- body weight triples
- body length doubles
- body fat accumulates to aid in body temperature regulation
@36 weeks the lungs develop
4
Q
What timeframe is a baby considered a newborn?
A
38 - 42 weeks
5
Q
What timeframe is a baby considered premature?
A
A baby born at < 38 weeks
6
Q
What are the general characteristics of a newborn?
A
- head is proportionately larger
- short LEs
- kyphotic
- horizontal ribs
- PHYSIOLOGICAL FLEXION
7
Q
What are the ROM considerations for a newborn?
A
- excessive DF
- hip and knee contractures (30deg flx)
8
Q
What are the supine characteristics of a newborn?
A
- head rotated
- neonatal righting
- ROOTING REFLEX
9
Q
What are the supported sitting characteristics of a newborn?
A
- fleeting attempts to lift head
- back is rounded with perpendicular pelvis
10
Q
What are the prone characteristics of a newborn?
A
- weightbears through upper trunk, shoulders, and head
- lifts head to clear airway
11
Q
What are the UE characteristics of a newborn?
A
- hand movement is related to arm movement
- -> hands open with shoulder abduction
- strong grasp that is loosely flexed at rest
- resting posture:
- slight shoulder ADD
- elbow flx
- pronation
12
Q
What are the LE characteristics of a newborn?
A
- vigorous, rhythmical, reciprocal kicking
- automatic standing and stepping
Biomechanics:
- shallow acetabulum
- femoral coxa valga
- femoral anteversion
- femoral bowing
- medial femoral torsion
- genu varum
- tibia varum
- tibial torsion
- calcaneal varus
- forefoot varus
- occasional metatarsal adductus
13
Q
What are the vision characteristics of a newborn?
A
- prefers strong contrasts
- Best: 8-9inches away
- fixates on lateral/vertical moving objects
14
Q
What are the general characteristics of a 1-2 month old?
A
- decreased physiological flexion
- relative hypotonia and asymmetry
- active postural control appears
- increased alertness and visual awareness leads to more purposeful head movement
15
Q
What are the prone characteristics of a 1-2 month old?
A
- head lift up to 45deg
- elbows behind shoulders
- increased head/neck extensor muscles
- decreased fwd weight shift onto face/shoulders
- decreased hip flx
16
Q
What are the supine characteristics of a 1-2 month old?
A
- increased c/s rotation with movement of extremities away from body
- ATNR appears
- head rarely in midline
17
Q
What are the supported sitting characteristics of a 1-2 month old?
A
- scapular adduction assists with head lift
Pull to sit: - head lags
- grasp reflex with traction leads to elbow flexion
18
Q
What are the supported stand characteristics of a 1-2 month old?
A
- astasia abasia
19
Q
What are the UE characteristics for a 1-2 month old?
A
- swiping in supine
- decreased grasp reflex
- brief retention of objects placed in hand
- B scapular retraction and spinal extension leads assists with head lifting (synergistic stability)
20
Q
What are the LE characteristics for a 1-2 month old?
A
- B and symmetrical kicking
- feet come together
21
Q
What are the general characteristics for a 3 month old?
A
- alert and aware
- visually interacts with caregivers (eye contact)
- midline orientation appears
- symmetry begins
- increased B symmetrical activity
- increased antigravity flexor control
22
Q
What are prone characteristics of a 3 month old?
A
- sustained prone on elbows
- head elevated to 45-90deg in midline
- subtle weight shifts with rotated and elevated head
- increased caudal weigh shift (lumbar ext help stabilize thorax)
23
Q
What are the supine characteristics of a 3 month old?
A
- symmetry and midline become dominant
- chin tuck occurs due to control of B capital/cervical flexors
- leads to elongation of capital/cervical extensors
- foot to foot play
- increased active knee extension, hip extension, hip adduction
- decreased ER
24
Q
What are the supported sitting characteristics of a 3 month old?
A
- sustained head lift
Pull to sit: - head rights midway through
25
What are the standing characteristics of a 3 month old?
- astasia abasia disappears
- sustained head lift
- scapular adduction
- toe curling
- plantar grasp reflex
- medial foot weight bearing
- able to track 180deg with head extended
- eye-hand regard
26
What are the general characteristics of a 4 month old?
- controlled, purposeful movements and alternating coordinated movements appear
- easy alternation between flx/ext in supine and prone
- visually tracks w/o head turning
- downward visual gaze develops
27
What are the prone characteristics of a 4 month old?
- 90deg head ext
- pivoting
- prone on hands (extended UE)
- LANDAU REFLEX
- increased lordosis
- flexes head without collapsing
- ribs less horizontal
- weight on forearms increases pec activity and begins extension balancing
- increased activity of adductors, erector spinae, and obliques
28
What are the supine characteristics of a 4 month old?
- increase hip ext, ADD
- alternates btwn post/ant pelvic tilt
- hands to knees/other body parts
- begin to see ankle PF/INV/EV
29
What are sidelying characteristics of a 4 month old?
- roll from supine with hands on knees
- initiates with head rot/symmetrical flx
- provides rib cage shaping/mobility
30
What are UE characteristics of a 4 month old?
- reach with forearm pronation/wrist ext in supine
- primitive ulnar grasp
- brings hands together
- uncontrolled release w/ hands
- shaking, banging, puts objects in mouth
31
What are the general characteristics of a 5 month old?
- voluntary, asymmetrical, dissociated reciprocal movements
- balance of flx/ext with lateral flx emerging
- increased spinal mobility
32
What are the prone characteristics of a 5 month old?
- prone on elbows lateral shifting (frees face side hand for reach, LEs)
- push up on hands
- roll to supine
33
What are the supine characteristics of a 5 month old?
- feet to mouth
- flexes head if hand-held
- rolls to side
34
What are the sidelying characteristics of a 5 month old?
- symmetrical then asymmetrical
| - momentary lateral flexion of head
35
What are the supported sitting characteristics of a 5 month old?
- ring sitting
| - props on hands
36
What are the UE characteristics of a 5 month old?
- palmar grasp
- occasionally manipulates/transfers objects
- brings toys to mouth
- grabs, mouths, bangs, shakes objects
37
What are the general characteristics of a 6 month old?
- more active with less positional stability
- good head control (flx/ext/lat flx)
- LEs gain ext control
- begins to respond to diagonal WS with rotation
- independent sitting
38
What are the prone characteristics of a 6 month old?
- MATURE LANDAU (ext balanced with flx, head/neck ext balanced with flx, chin tucked with elongation of extensors)
- prone on extended arms
- pivoting
- pushing backwards (may assume quadruped)
39
What are the supine characteristics of a 6 month old?
- lifts head (synergy of capital/cervical flx & abdominals to stabilize thorax)
- legs extend w/ pull to sit
- roll to prone
- plays with feet in air
40
What are the mobility characteristics of a 6 month old?
```
Rolling:
- supine to prone
- initiated w/ flx
- transitions to ext in SL
Sitting:
- positional leg stability
- fwd protective ext
- WS occurs ipsi to head rotation (might fall)
Standing:
- sufficient hip/trunk control --> independent hold to support
- might bounce
- LEs abducted
```
41
What are the UE characteristics of a 6 month old?
- increased abdominal control (thorax stabilization w/ UE movement)
- SA stabilizes scapula
- Dynamic stabilization of humerus w/ reaching (RTC, deltoids, pec maj)
- ability to stop humeral movement midway (more precise reaching, crosses midline, isolated elbow movement)
- some forearm supination w/ shoulder ER
- palmar grasp
- radial palmar grasp
42
What are the LE characteristics of a 6 month old?
- Adducted hips w/ less ER
- LE dissociation w/ lateral WS
- hip IR and elongation of hip ADDs
Prone:
- WBing side ext, add, IR to neutral
- NWBing side flx, abd, ER
- pelvis laterally flx, rotates posteriorly
