Motor neurone disease Flashcards Preview

* Neurological medicine > Motor neurone disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Motor neurone disease Deck (11)
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1
Q

Steven Hawkin had what disease?

A

Motor neuron disease

He’s a bad example because he lived a long time but good for symptoms etc

2
Q

4 types of motor neuron disease

A

1 - ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2- primary lateral sclerosis
3 - progressive muscular atrophy
4 - progressive bulbar palsy

3
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Upper or lower motor neurons involved?

A

Amyotrophic - muscle wasting (lower motor neuron component)

lateral sclerosis - lateral corticospinal tract damage (upper motor neuron component)

4
Q

Primary lateral sclerosis

Upper or lower motor neurons involved?

A

Upper motor component only

mainly causes weakness in the leg muscles. Some patients with this type may also develop clumsiness in the hands or develop speech problems.

5
Q

Progressive muscular atrophy

Upper or lower motor neurons involved?

A

Lower motor component only

The small muscles of the hands and feet are usually first affected, but muscle spasticity is absent.

6
Q

Progressive bulbar palsy - which nerves affected and what do they do?

A

CN 9, 10, 12 - speak, swallow and chew

then respiratory muscles get involved too

7
Q

Diagnostic factors for MND

A

Asymmetric distal weakness
Brisk reflexes in wasted limb
No sensory symptoms
Relentless progression

8
Q

Three things which aren’t affected in MND

A

Sensation
Bowels/bladder
Eyes

9
Q

MND and respiration?

A

Type 2 respiratory failure can occur
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) or BiPAP (CPAP plus extra pressure on inspiration) - may be needed first at night then more often

10
Q

MND other signs etc

A

fasciculations
foot drop and other distal muscle problems
weight loss - metabolism increases by 20%

11
Q

MND management

A

feeding (PEG etc)
communication aids
treating aspiration etc (typically in right mid zone pneumonia)

Riluzole (adds 3 months life expectancy)