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Motor/Sensory Fusion Testing Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do the EOM’s form from in development? When does the muscle cone form? When do the nerves from the brain go to the muscle?

A

Mesoderm
5-7 weeks of gestation
1 month

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2
Q

What EOM testing technique is not used when testing EOM’s for pediatrics?

A

Pursuits

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3
Q

How do you test EOM’s for pediatrics?

A

Have patient follow target in a pattern. May have to turn an inflants/toddlers head (Doll’s Head).

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4
Q

What is “ Doll’s Head” technique and what does it test?

A

Test for EOM. Doc moves baby’s head while the baby focuses on object.

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5
Q

What do you look for when doing motilities?

A

restrictions or overactions

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6
Q

When does convergence develop for full-term babies?

A

Convergence is able to happen at 1 month.
Not consistent until 2 months.
Not without delay until 3 months.

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7
Q

When doing near-point convergence, what do you look for when doing it on pediatric patients?

A

Record when patient reports break and recovery OR watch when the patient suppresses.

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8
Q

When is a normal break and recovery for near point of convergence?

A

5cm/7cm

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9
Q

When is an abnormal break and recovery for near point of convergence?

A

Break at 6cm or greater

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10
Q

What is the Modified Thorington test?

A

Similar to Von Grafe test.
It is a subjective measurement of binocularity. Done in free space and does not require a phoropter. Very repeatable and may be easier to understand for kids. Done at dist and near.

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11
Q

What do you need in order to perform Modified Thorington test?

A

Maddox Rod
Penlight
Thorington card

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12
Q

What eye do you usually put the maddox rod on when doing Modified Thorington tetsing?

A

Right eye

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13
Q

What will the patient see when performing Modified Thorington test?

A

A red line that passes through number line.

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14
Q

On modified thorington test, if patient sees red line on the left of 0, what would the patient be?

A

Exo “Crossed”

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15
Q

On modified thorington test, if patient sees red line on the right of 0, what would the patient be?

A

Eso “uncrossed”

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16
Q

On modified thorington test, if patient sees red line above 0, what would the patient be?

A

R Hypo

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17
Q

On modified thorington test, if patient sees red line above 0, what would the patient be?

A

R Hyper

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18
Q

What are normal values for Von Graefe and Modified Thorington?

A

Distance: 1 exo
Near: 3 exo
Vertical: 0 iso

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19
Q

Tests of Motor Fusion (6)

A

1) Hirschberg
2) Krimsky
3) Bruckner
4) Cover Test/ Unilateral/alternative
5) Near point of convergence
6) VG/MT Phoria

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20
Q

Hirschberg Test
Distance:
Procedure:
Results:
Ideal outcome

A

Distance: 50 cm
Procedure: Transilluminator
Results: look at displacement of reflex
If 1 mm displacement, equals 22 prism diopters?

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21
Q

Krimsky
Distance:
Procedure:
Results:
Ideal outcome

A

Distance: 50 cm
Procedure: Transilluminator with prism
Results: When reflex is symmetrical

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22
Q

Bruckner
Distance:
Procedure:
Results:
Ideal outcome

A

Distance: 1 meter
Procedure: Direct Ophthalmoscope
Results: Displacement of reflex, color of media
-Includes Hirschberg

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23
Q

Cover Test/unilateral/ alternate
Distance:
Procedure:
Results:
Ideal outcome

A

Distance: 16’’, 10’ , 20’
Procedure: UCT then ACT Multiple fields of gaze
Results: phoria vs tropia
Ideal outcome: 0-3XP 0-6XP’

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24
Q

Near Point convergence
Distance:
Procedure:
Results:
Ideal outcome

A

Distance:Target from 16 inches to the nose
Procedure: Keep target clear, tell me when double
Results: Record break/recovery or when you see supression
Ideal outcome: 5-7cm

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25
VG/MT Phoria Distance: Procedure: Results: Ideal outcome
Distance: 16'' or 20' Procedure: Align Risley prism; Maddox Rod with card & transilluminator Results: Aligned vertical/horizontal; Line going through number Ideal outcome: 1 exo distance 3 exo near 0 iso
26
How do you do "step vergences"? What do you tell the patient? How do you get results?
Use prism bar. "Tell me when the target gets double and then single" Results by observing objective eye movements
27
How do you do "smooth/risley prism vergences"? What do you tell the patient? How do you get results?
In phoropter. Tell me when target gets blurry, double, and then single"
28
Is randot test local or global stereopsis? By what age can the person detect randot?
Global By 6 months of age
29
If patient does not get shapes in randot testing, what does this mean?
Patient does not have global stereopsis and is supressing
30
Does global stereopsis have monocular cues?
No
31
What are examples of tests that examine local stereopsis? (5)
Titmus fly Wirt circles Wirt animals R+L in random FBAT
32
Do monocular cues exist in local stereopsis?
yes
33
What does the FBAT test? What does child need to wear?
Stereopsis for infants Wear red/green glasses Child should see in 3D. May reach for the objects popping out in the book.
34
What does the PASS/Smile test? What does child need to wear? What are normal age ranges this test should be performed?
Assesses stereopsis. Child wears polarized glasses. Normal age ranges from 6-17 months. Usual distance at 40 cm but can adjust distances to make it harder.
35
What does the Random Dot E test? How many cards does it come with? What distances can this be tested at?
Stereopsis 3 cards 50 cm, 1 m, 1.5 m
36
At 1 meter for the Random Dot E, how many seconds of arc would this be?
252 sec
36
At 1 meter for the Random Dot E, how many seconds of arc would this be?
252 sec
37
What stereopsis test that does not require polarized glasses? What pictures are on this testing card?
Lang Stereo Test Car, cat, star
38
What seconds of arc do the 3 books for Random Preschool test measure?
1) 800-400 sec arc 2) 200-100 sec arc 3) 60-40 sec arc
38
What seconds of arc do the 3 books for Random Preschool test measure?
1) 800-400 sec arc 2) 200-100 sec arc 3) 60-40 sec arc
39
In normal randot, what does the top section of shapes measure? How many seconds of arc?
Global stereo 500 sec
40
In normal randot, what does the bottom section of shapes measure? How many seconds of arc?
Global stereo 250 seconds of arc
41
In normal randot, what do the wire circles test? How many seconds of arc?
Local stereo 400-20 sec
42
In normal randot, what do the animals test? How many seconds of arc?
Local stereo 400,200,100 sec
43
In litmus fly stereo, how many seconds does that measure?
3000 sec
44
In stereo butterfly, how many seconds does that measure?
1200-2500 seconds
45
Is the flashlight 4-dot test, sensory or motor fusion testing? What degree of fusion does it test? Does it help determine stereopsis?
Sensory fusion test 2nd degree fusion Does not determine stereopsis.
46
When doing 4 dot procedure, how do you set it up? What do you ask the patient? What does this test for?
Patient puts red side of the red/green glasses on the OD. Ask how many dots the patient sees. This tests for the deepness of suppression.
47
If patient sees 2 red dots on 4 dot procedure, what are the results?
OS suppression
48
If patient sees 3 green dots on 4 dot procedure, what are the results?
OD suppression
49
If patient sees 4 dots with no eye turn, what are the results?
Fusion
50
If patient sees 4 dots with an eye turn, what are the results?
anomalous correspondence
51
If patient surpasses in the dark, is that a deeper or lesser suppression?
deeper suppression
52
If patient sees 5 dots with red on the right, what are the results?
Diplopic, uncrossed, eso
53
What are 7 binocular tests you can perform on Infants and toddlers (non-verbals)
Hirschberg Bruckner Krimsky NPC Bernell Lang Stereo Smile
54
What are 5 binocular tests you can perform on school aged children?
Cover test Phoria vergence ranges Randot Worth 4 dot
55
What are 6 binocular tests you can perform on preschoolers?
Cover test Prism bar ranges NPC 3/4 Figure/ Worth 4 Randot/E Lang
56
At birth, what is the phoria direction of most infants?
Exos
57
In the Sondhi experiment regarding babies ocular alignment, what percent of neonates were orthophoric?
48.6%
58
In the Sondhi experiment regarding infant ocular alignment, what percent of infants were exophoric?
51.5%
59
In the Sondhi experiment regarding infant ocular alignment, what percent of infants were intermittent exotropes?
15%
60
What percent of our neurons binocular?
70%
60
What percent of our neurons binocular?
70%
61
How far do you hold the penlight when doing angle kappa?
50 cm
62
What prism do you use for Krimsky?
Fixated eye

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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