MOTOR SYSTEM

Question 1

The ______________ comprises the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that execute movements

Answer 1

motor system

Question 2

What is motor system?

Answer 2

The motor system comprises the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that execute movements

Question 3

Function of the motor system

Answer 3

The motor system is responsible for the planning and execution of various motor activities both consciously and unconsciously

Question 4

Function of the motor system

The motor system is responsible for the _________ and _________ of various motor activities both ___________ and _____________

Answer 4

planning and execution

consciously and unconsciously

Question 5

What are the Pyramidal system?

Answer 5

Comprises the collection of efferent motor fibres from the precentral motor cortex of the frontal lobe of the brain.

Question 6

Pyramidal System

Comprises the collection of efferent motor fibres from the precentral ________ ________ of the frontal lobe of the brain.

Answer 6

motor cortex

Question 7

What is Pyramidal System

Answer 7

Comprises the collection of efferent motor fibres from the precentral motor cortex of the frontal lobe of the brain.

Question 8

The Pyramidal system consists of the ___________ and ____________ tracts

Answer 8

corticospinal and corticobulbar

Question 9

70% of the pyramidal fibers decussate in the lower half of the _________ and terminate in the ventral part of the ____________

Answer 9

lower half of the medulla, spinal cord,

Question 10

In the Pyramidal tract 70% of the pyramidal fibers decussate in the?

Answer 10

lower half of the medulla and terminate in the ventral part of the spinal cord

Question 11

30% continue to the spinal cord where decussation occurs at the _______ level in the lateral part of ________ cord

Answer 11

spinal levels, spinal cord

Question 12

In the Pyramidal tract 30% of the pyramidal fibers?

Answer 12

continue to the spinal cord where decussation occurs at the spinal levels in the lateral part of spinal cord

Question 13

The pyramidal structure is supplied by the ________________ artery

Answer 13

lenticulostriate artery

Question 14

The pyramidal system is involved in _________ actions`

Answer 14

voluntary actions`

Question 15

___________________ is a collection of nuclei which form part of the motor system involved in involuntary actions

Answer 15

The extrapyramidal system

Question 16

The extrapyramidal tracts are modulated by the higher centres in the CNS

3.

Answer 16

1. Basal ganglia
2. Cerebellum
3. Vestibular nucleus

Question 17

The extrapyramidal tracts are modulated by the higher centres in the CNS

1. B__al ganglia
2. Ce__bellum
3. Ve__bular nucleus

Answer 17

1. Basal ganglia
2. Cerebellum
3. Vestibular nucleus

Question 18

The _________________ _______ is located in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla with extensive connections to the cerebellum and other subcortical structures

Answer 18

extrapyramidal system

Question 19

The extrapyramidal system is located?

Answer 19

Located in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla with extensive connections to the cerebellum and other subcortical structures

Question 20

The components of the extrapyramidal tract include:

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

Answer 20

1. Rubrospinal tract
2. Vestibulospinal tract
3. Tectospinal tract
4. Olivospinal tract
5. Pontine reticulospinal tract
6. Medullary reticulospinal tract

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

Question 21

The components of the extrapyramidal tract include:

1. R__rospinal tract
2. V__tibulospinal tract
3. Te__ospinal tract
4. O__ospinal tract
5. Po__ine reticulospinal tract
6. Me__lary reticulospinal tract

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

Answer 21

1. Rubrospinal tract
2. Vestibulospinal tract
3. Tectospinal tract
4. Olivospinal tract
5. Pontine reticulospinal tract
6. Medullary reticulospinal tract

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

Question 22

___________________ LMN in the Spinal cord that are involved in reflexes, motions, complex movements and position control

Answer 22

lower motor neurons

Question 23

_______________ are the myelinated alpha motor neurons that connect the CNS with skeletal muscle fibres.

They are involved in voluntary movements.

Answer 23

Lower motor neurons

Question 24

Functions of lower motor neuron

1. Initiate movement actions under ________ and _________ controls
2. Generate propagated ______ ________ that affect both fast- twitch and slow- twitch skeletal muscle fibres.
3. Elaborate ___________ at the neuromuscular junction terminals where the nerve endings synapse with the muscle fibres
4. Ach causes depolarization of the muscle fibres which causes __________ of the muscle

Answer 24

1. cortical and sub cortical
2. action potentials
3. acetyl choline
4. contraction

Question 25

Functions of lower motor neuron

Answer 25

1. Initiate movement actions under cortical and sub cortical controls 2. Generate propagated action potentials that affect both fast- twitch and slow- twitch skeletal muscle fibres. 3. Elaborate acetyl choline at the neuromuscular junction terminals where the nerve endings synapse with the muscle fibres 4. Ach causes depolarization of the muscle fibres which causes contraction of the muscle

Question 26

__________Comprises a motor neuron axon and its terminals with the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

Answer 26

Motor unit

Question 27

What is a Motor unit

Answer 27

Comprises a motor neuron axon and its terminals with the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

Question 28

_____________ _______a specialized proprioceptive structures that are embedded in muscle fibres that monitor their degree of contraction/ relaxation of skeletal muscles

Answer 28

Muscle spindle

Question 29

What is Muscle spindle?

Answer 29

a specialized proprioceptive structures that are embedded in muscle fibres that monitor their degree of contraction/ relaxation of skeletal muscles

Question 30

__________________ (GTO) Measures the amount of force applied to a tendon A proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that detects changes in muscle tension

Answer 30

Golgi Tendon Organ

Question 31

What is Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

Answer 31

Measures the amount of force applied to a tendon | A proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that detects changes in muscle tension

Question 32

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is located at the origins and insertion of ________ _______ fibres into the tendons

Answer 32

skeletal muscle fibres

Question 33

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is located in

Answer 33

It is located at the origins and insertion of skeletal muscle fibres into the tendons

Question 34

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is activated by

Answer 34

activated by stretch or active contraction of a muscle

Question 35

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is activated by __________ or ________ contraction of a muscle

Answer 35

stretch or active contraction

Question 36

____________ is Defined as muscle resistance to passive movement Also can be defined as the continuous passive contraction of the muscle at rest

Answer 36

Muscle Tone

Question 37

______________ is Defined as the resistance of muscle to active movement

Answer 37

Muscle Power

Question 38

Clinical implication of the motor system 1. The motor system is essential for _______ and __________ 2. ________ activities are essential for normal daily living activities

Answer 38

1. posture and movements | 2. Voluntary

Question 39

Clinical implication of the motor system 1. 2.

Answer 39

1. The motor system is essential for posture and movements | 2. Voluntary activities are essential for normal daily living activities

Question 40

Diseases of the motor system can arise from 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer 40

1. Brain 2. Spinal cord 3. Nerves 4. Muscle

Question 41

The _________ coordinates postures and movements of the body. The upright bipedal gait depends on the integration of postural control and locomotion

Answer 41

cerebellum

Question 42

_________ ________ are controlled through the reticular formulation and descending pathways in the ventromedial spinal cord.

Answer 42

Locomotor synergies

Question 43

Locomotor synergies are controlled through

Answer 43

reticular formulation and descending pathways in the ventromedial spinal cord.

Question 44

________ is a Neurological condition charaterised by Hypokinesia/Bradikinesia, Rigidity, Tremors it refers to impairment of the functions of the basal ganglia leading to the manifestation of Parkinsonian features

Answer 44

PARKINSONISM

Question 45

What is PARKINSONISM

Answer 45

s a Neurological condition charaterised by Hypokinesia/Bradikinesia, Rigidity, Tremors it refers to impairment of the functions of the basal ganglia leading to the manifestation of Parkinsonian features

Question 46

Erect posture depends on 1. Sensory information about the position of the body centre relative to the environment, support surface and ____________________ force

Answer 46

gravitational

Question 47

Erect posture depends on

Answer 47

1. Sensory information about the position of the body centre relative to the environment, support surface and gravitational force

Question 48

Sensory information comes from 1. V__al system 2. V__bular system 3. Proprioceptors in the m__cle spindles, G__gi tendon organ, pressure and touch receptors in the skin

Answer 48

1. Visual system 2. Vestibular system 3. Proprioceptors in the muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organ, pressure and touch receptors in the skin

Question 49

Sensory information comes from

Answer 49

1. Visual system 2. Vestibular system 3. Proprioceptors in the muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organ, pressure and touch receptors in the skin