Mouth/Esophagus/Stomach Pathology Flashcards
(50 cards)
Salivary gland tumors are typically benign. What are the 2 most common benign tumors of the salivary gland, and where do they arise?
Pleomorphic Adenoma + Warthin’s Tumor
arise from PAROTID
What triad to know for Pleomorphic Adenoma?
painless + movable + high rate of occurrence
What diad to know for Warthin’s Tumor?
cystic + lymphatic cells
What’s the malignant salivary tumor to know, and how do we know its malignant?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
pain/paralysis of the facial nerve
What the hell is Behcet Syndrome and what’s the cause?
triad of recurrent aphthous ulcers + genital ulcers + uveitis
from immune complex vasculitis
Patient presents with white lesions in mouth that SCRAPE OFF EASILY. What can you assume about the patient?
oral Candidiasis
assume pt is immunocompromised (AIDS)
Patient presents with white lesions in mouth that BLEED WHEN SCRAPED OFF. What is the major concern with this lesion?
Leukoplakia
can become DYSPLASTIC, which can lead to Squamous cell carcinoma
Patient presents with white lesions on LATERAL TONGUE which are raised and shaggy in appearance. What is the causative organism, and what type of cellular mechanism is causing the lesion?
Oral hairy leukoplakia (from EBV infection, IC pt)
this is HYPERPLASIA
The dysfunctional cells of Achalasia are located where in the gut wall?
Myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s plexus)
found between the Outer Longitudinal and Inner Circular muscles of the MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
The 2 mechanical features of achalasia are?
failure to relax LES
decreased peristalsis
Achalasia exhibits _________ pressure proximal to LES, while Scleroderma exhibits _______ pressure
high (Bird’s beak sign)
low
Achalasia exhibits dysphagia when consuming _______ while obstructions exhibit dysphagia when consuming __________
solids AND liquids
just solids
What is the big complication for Achalasia?
increased risk for Squamous Cell CA of esophagus
Mallory Weiss syndrome involves esophageal lacerations due to _____________
severe vomiting (think EtOH and bulemics)
Contrast the esophageal pathologies associated with Painful and Painless hematemesis.
Painful = Mallory Weiss
Painless = Esophageal varices/portal HTN
Mallory Weiss syndrome can progress to __________ if the lacerations go transmural/full thickness
Boerhaave syndrome
Esophageal veins in the lower 1/3 will drain to the portal system via the _________
L gastric vein
Patient presents with Dysphagia, swollen tongue, and microcytic, hypochromic RBCs. Dx?
Plummer Vinson Syndrome
esophageal webs + beefy red tongue + Fe deficient anemia
While Achalasia is hypertonicity of the LES, the opposite is true of the LES in _________–
GERD
The characteristic cellular change seen in Barrett’s esophagus is ____________ (describe the specific cells too)
METAPLASIA
stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelium is CHANGED to columnar epithelium + goblet cells
the ‘gastrification’ of the esophagus
Barrett’s esophagus complications include what 3 things?
- esophagitis (duh)
- esophageal ulcers
- incr risk for Adenocarcinoma
What are some risk factors that can lead to Barrett’s?
- EtOH, smoking, obesity, fatty diet, caffeine
- Hiatal hernia (hourglass appearance)
What are the 2 types of esophageal cancer, along with their big association?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (irritation)
Adenocarcinoma (Barrett’s)
Where do Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus metastasize?
CELIAC and GASTRIC nodes
-why? adenoCA found lower 1/3 (duh, Barrett’s), which is foregut
