Movement

Question 1

Motile organisms

Answer 1

Organisms that can change place. They actively search for food, migrate, find mates, or escape predators.

Question 2

Sessile organisms

Answer 2

Organisms that move but do not change place. Examples: fungi, coral, sunflowers.

Question 3

Locomotion

Answer 3

: Movement found only in motile organisms—moving from one place to another.

Question 4

Skeleton

Answer 4

A framework that supports, protects, and helps animals move.

Question 5

What is an exoskeleton and what is it made of?

Answer 5

An external skeleton is made of chitin (a tough carbohydrate). Found in arthropods

Question 6

What is an endoskeleton?

Answer 6

An internal skeleton made of bone and cartilage. Found in vertebrates.

Question 7

What is a 1st class lever?

Answer 7

The fulcrum is in the middle.

Question 8

What is the fulcrum?

Answer 8

Base of the balance/lever

Question 9

What is a 2nd class lever?

Answer 9

The fulcrum is at the back. Example: tiptoeing; the joint is the ankle.

Question 10

What is a 3rd class lever?

Answer 10

The fulcrum is in the front, effort is between fulcrum and load

Question 11

What is a joint?

Answer 11

Location where two bones meet.

Question 12

Types of joints

Answer 12

Immovable (fibrous)

Slightly movable (cartilaginous)

Freely movable (synovial, with fluid)

Question 13

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 13

Lubricates and protects the joint during movement. (Lubricates joints, reduces friction and absorbs shock.)

Question 14

What attaches muscle to bone?

Answer 14

Tendons

Question 15

What connects bone to bone?

Answer 15

Ligaments

Question 16

What is the role of cartilage?

Answer 16

Covers bones, prevents friction, absorbs shock.

Question 17

Types of muscles?

Answer 17

Skeletal: voluntary/involuntary, multinucleated

Cardiac: found in heart, involuntary, multinucleated

Smooth: in organs, non-striated, involuntary

Question 18

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 18

The contractile unit within a myofibril.

Question 19

What do actin and myosin do?

Answer 19

Myosin will attach to the actin and pull it to the inside. Therefore when the muscle contracts the sarcomere will become shorter.

Question 20

What is titin?

Answer 20

A protein that helps the muscle recoil after contraction.

Question 21

Synovial joint

Answer 21

Joint surrounded by a capsule and filled with synovial fluid.

Question 22

Articular cartilage

Answer 22

Smooth tissue covering bones in joints. Provides a smooth, low-friction surface for joint movement, absorb shock, and distribute weight

Question 23

Goniometer

Answer 23

Tool used to measure joint angles AKA the range of motion

Question 24

ROM

Answer 24

Range of motion

Question 25

Joint capsule

Answer 25

Encloses synovial joint

Question 26

Movement

Answer 26

Change in position or location of a body part. (Both motile and sessile/all living organisms)

Question 27

Motor neuron

Answer 27

Sends electrical signals from CNS (Central Nervous System- brain/spinal cord) to muscles/glands.

Question 28

CNS

Answer 28

Central Nervous System- brain and the spinal cord

Question 29

Effector organs

Answer 29

Muscles or glands responding to nervous input.

Question 30

Acetylcholine

Answer 30

Neurotransmitter for muscle control

Question 31

Z discs

Answer 31

Anchor actin and define sarcomere boundaries.

Question 32

Sarcomere length

Answer 32

Distance between Z discs.

Question 33

M line

Answer 33

Centre of sarcomere

Question 34

Tropomyosin

Answer 34

Blocks myosin binding sites on actin.

Question 35

Troponin

Answer 35

Moves tropomyosin when calcium binds.

Question 36

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 36

Stores/releases Ca²⁺ in muscle cells.

Question 37

Crossbridge

Answer 37

Myosin head attached to actin.

Question 38

Power stroke

Answer 38

Myosin pulling actin filament. Uses ATP.

Question 39

Antagonistic muscles

Answer 39

Muscles that work in opposite directions (e.g., biceps/triceps).