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Flashcards in movement across membrane Deck (19)
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1
Q

what is diffusion?

A
  • the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
  • passive process
2
Q

define concentration gradient

A
  • difference in concentration between the two regions
3
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A
  • diffusion that uses channel proteins to allow the movement of certain molecules through the cell membrane
4
Q

what is osmosis?

A
  • the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration
  • passive
5
Q

what is osmotic pressure?

A
  • the pressure due to differences in concentration on either side of the selectively permeable membrane.
6
Q

what is active transport?

A
  • the movement of certain molecules from low concentration to a high concentration
  • WITH ATP
7
Q

what is the passive process?

A
  • when the cell’s energy, which comes from cellular respiration does NOT have to be used when allowing materials into the cell.
8
Q

what is an active process?

A
  • requires the cell’s energy to be used when allowing materials into the cell.
9
Q

what is vesicular transport?

A
  • the movement of substances across the cell membrane in vesicles
  • active process
10
Q

what is carrier-mediated transport?

A
  • transport of ions or molecules across the cell membrane by special proteins.
11
Q

what is endocytosis?

A
  • the process of taking solids and liquids into the cell by vesicular transport
12
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

the process of taking the contents of a vesicle inside the cell out of the cell.

13
Q

what is pinocytosis?

A

the process of taking liquid into the cell by vesicular transport

14
Q

what is phagocytosis?

A

the process of taking solids into the cell by vesicular transport

15
Q

what is tonicity?

A
  • The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis
16
Q

what is osmolarity?

A
  • A solution with low osmolarity = fewer solute particles per liter of solution
  • A solution with high osmolarity = more solute particles per liter of solution
17
Q

what is hypotonic?

A
  • Extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell
  • Hypo – means less than
18
Q

what is hypertonic?

A
  • Extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cell

- Hyper means – greater than

19
Q

what is isotonic?

A
  • Extracellular is the same osmolarity as the cell

- Iso – the same