Movement of molecules in and out of cells Flashcards

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0
Q

Does osmosis need energy?

A

No it is a passive process.

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1
Q

What is osmosis? ( 3 marks)

A

The diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

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2
Q

What do most sports drinks contain?

A

Water, ions and glucose

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3
Q

If you put potato chips in water would they gain or lose mass?

A

Gain, as water would enter by osmosis

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4
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration

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5
Q

Give some examples of active transport ( 3 marks )

A

To absorb the last nutrients in the gut For plants to absorb minerals through root hairs To re- absorb glucose in the kidney

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6
Q

What makes a great exchange surface?

A

Thin Large surface area Good blood supply

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7
Q

What is the exchange surface in the lungs?

A

Alveoli

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8
Q

What are the adaptations of the alveoli? (4 marks)

A

Massive surface area Moist lining Thin walls ( one cell thick) Good blood supply

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9
Q

What is the exchange surface in the small intestine?

A

Villi

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10
Q

What is ventilation in humans?

A

The movement of air, into and out of the lungs.

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11
Q

What does an increase in volume do to pressure

A

It decreases

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12
Q

What is the name of the muscle at the bottom of the thorax?

A

Diaphragm

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13
Q

When the diaphragm contracts it ……

A

Flattens

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14
Q

What was the name of the old fashioned ventilator?

A

An iron lung

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15
Q

How do most modern ventilators work?

A

They pump air into the lungs

16
Q

Where are most of the stomata found?

A

On the underside of the leaf

17
Q

What are the names of the 2 cells which surround the stoma?

A

Guard cells

18
Q

If the guard cells become turgid…

A

The stoma opens

19
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The evaporation of water from the leaf

20
Q

What are the best conditions for a high rate of transpiration?

A

Hot, dry and windy

21
Q

What happens if you breathe out? (4 marks)

A

Intercostal muscles relax Diaphragm relaxes Volume of lungs decreases Pressure increases, forcing air out of the lungs

22
Q

How do ions move into root hairs?

A

By active transport

23
Q

What is this showing?

A

Ventilation - bet you said breathing in and out!! Hehehe!